Overview
Mostuea orientalis Baker, also known as East African Olax, is a small evergreen tree that is native to Eastern Africa. It belongs to the Oleaceae family, which is comprised of flowering plants commonly known as the olive family.
Common Names
Mostuea orientalis is commonly known as East African Olax or in Swahili, Mwamba-Mwitu. Additionally, it is known as the Damal in Digo and Mbololo in both Taita and Kamba.
Appearance
The East African Olax is a slow-growing tree that can reach a height of up to 10m tall. It has a rounded canopy with a dense network of branches. The tree has narrow, shiny leaves with pointed tips that are accented with distinct veins. The bark is thin and smooth, and the flowers are small and greenish-yellow. The plant produces small, orange-red berries that are edible, though not widely consumed.
Uses
The East African Olax is widely used in traditional medicine, where it is believed to possess various healing properties. The roots, bark, and leaves of the tree are boiled together to create a tonic that is used to treat a range of ailments, including fever, malaria, and stomach troubles. The orange-red berries that the plant produces are also used for making red dye for textiles.
Additionally, because East African Olax is slow-growing, it is suitable for use in ornamental gardens and landscaping.
Light Requirements
Mostuea orientalis Baker thrives in indirect, bright light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, so it should be avoided. North-facing windows are ideal for this plant as it gets moderate light, which is required for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Mostuea orientalis Baker is between 60 and 75°F (15-24°C). It is essential to keep it away from drafty areas and cold air-conditioning vents as it can harm its growth.
Soil Requirements
The best soil type for Mostuea orientalis Baker is well-draining, acidic soil with a pH between 4.5 and 6.5. The soil should also be rich in organic matter, such as compost. The plant is sensitive to salts, so it is advisable to use soil that is not high in mineral content. Its roots are shallow, so it should be planted in a soil mixture that can promote healthy drainage.
Cultivation Methods:
Mostuea orientalis Baker, commonly known as the Fairy Bell, is a tropical shrub that thrives in warm temperatures and prefers partial shade. To successfully cultivate this plant, you should consider planting it in fertile, well-draining soil that's rich in organic matter. Planting should be done during the rainy season, or you can water regularly while the plant establishes itself.
Watering Needs:
The Fairy Bell requires regular watering to grow healthy and lush as it does not tolerate drought well. Water the plant deeply and allow the soil to dry partially before watering again to prevent overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization:
To improve the growth and flowering of the Fairy Bell, you should fertilize it regularly. The best way to fertilize the plant is by using a balanced liquid fertilizer every two to three weeks during the growing season. You can reduce fertilization during the dormant season.
Pruning:
Pruning is an essential part of handling the Fairy Bell to keep it healthy and in shape. Regular pruning encourages the plant to produce new growth and ensures that it's growing uniformly. You should aim to prune the plant after it has finished flowering. Use sharp pruning tools to remove weak, diseased, or damaged branches to maintain the plant's structure. You can also trim back any deadwood to provide room for fresh growth.
Propagation of Mostuea orientalis Baker
Mostuea orientalis Baker is a warm-weather loving plant that is fussy about its growing conditions. Propagation of this plant is through two main methods:
Softwood cuttings
This propagation method requires taking a young stem tip from the parent plant, ensuring it is free from any form of disease and damage. Cut a length of about 10-15 cm, remove some of the leaves, and put the cutting into a rooting hormone that will help it develop roots quickly. Plant the cutting into a container filled with a well-draining soil mixture that can hold moisture well. Cover the container with plastic material so that the plant will get a humid environment and place it in a location with bright, indirect light. In about six weeks, the cutting would have developed roots and can be moved into a larger pot or garden bed.
Seeds
One other way to propagate Mostuea orientalis is through seeds. During summer, the plants produce many beautiful seeds that originate from the flowers produced by the plant. To propagate through this method, carefully collect the seeds and store them in a dry place to avoid moisture that may destroy them. The soil should be moist while planting the seed into a container, and it is advisable to use seed starting mixtures. Water the seedling, and place in a bright location without full exposure to the sun. When the seedling is well-established, move them to the garden bed or a large container.
Remember that Mostuea orientalis grows best in a sunny location, fertile soil, and with adequate water supply, reducing the chances of overwatering. Propagation through the above-listed techniques can ensure a healthy and attractive Mostuea orientalis Baker in your garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Mostuea orientalis Baker
Mostuea orientalis Baker is a beautiful plant, but just like any other plant, it is susceptible to disease and pest infestations. Therefore, proper management practices should be implemented to keep the plant healthy. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant:
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot: Leaf spots are common fungal diseases that thrive in warm and humid conditions. The symptoms include circular spots on the leaves that turn from green to brown. Regularly inspect the plant for early detection and removal of affected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and crowded conditions to reduce the disease's spread. Apply fungicides for severe cases.
2. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery substance on leaves and stems. It thrives in humid conditions and poor air circulation. Regularly inspect and prune affected leaves, and improve air circulation by spacing plants out. Apply fungicides for severe cases.
Pests
1. Mealybugs: Mealybugs are tiny insects that leave a white, cottony substance on plant leaves and stems. They suck sap from the plant, which causes wilting and stunted growth. Use a soft cloth and soapy water to remove the bugs. You can also apply insecticidal soap to the plant.
2. Spider Mites: Spider mites are common pests that attack the leaves of most plants. They feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowish leaves, and eventually stunted growth. Use a strong spray of water to dislodge the mites and insecticidal soap to keep them at bay.
Good management practices can reduce the likelihood of disease and pest infestations. Regularly removing dead/damaged leaves and providing adequate plant spacing and air circulation can help keep the plant healthy. Quick detection and proper treatment can also help reduce the impact of diseases and pests on your plants.
