Overview
Morus bombycis, also known as the Chinese white mulberry, is a deciduous tree that belongs to the family Moraceae. This tree is native to East Asia, specifically China and Korea. It is a popular tree species known for its sweet, edible fruit and its leaves that are used as food for silkworms.
Common Names
Morus bombycis is commonly known as white mulberry, Chinese white mulberry, or silk-worm mulberry.
General Appearance
The tree can grow up to 10-15 meters tall and has a spreading canopy with a diameter of up to 13 meters. It has a grayish-brown bark that is relatively smooth and develops deep grooves as it matures. The leaves are simple, alternate, and lobed, with a glossy, bright green surface and serrated edges. In the early summer, it produces small, greenish-white, inconspicuous flowers in clusters that develop into sweet, edible berries that are red or white when fully ripe.
Uses
The fruits of Morus bombycis are consumed fresh or dried and are used to make jams, jellies, and syrups. The leaves are a primary food source for the silkworm, and therefore the tree is of great economic importance to the silk industry. Additionally, the leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including respiratory problems, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
Light Requirements
The Morus bombycis plant grows best in full sun, which means that it needs at least six hours of direct sunlight per day to thrive. However, it can also tolerate partial shade, making it suitable for cultivation in areas with low light intensity.
Temperature Requirements
The Morus bombycis plant is known to be very hardy, and it can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It prefers a cool climate with average temperatures ranging from 18°C to 25°C (64°F to 77°F). During the winter season, it can survive temperatures as low as -10°C (14°F).
Soil Requirements
The Morus bombycis plant prefers well-drained soil with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 7.5. It can grow in various soil types, but it thrives best in a nutrient-rich loamy soil. The plant can tolerate slightly acidic or alkaline soil conditions, but it does not do well in waterlogged or poorly drained soil.
Cultivation methods
Morus bombycis, or the Chinese mulberry tree, is native to China, Japan, and Korea. It grows best in warm, temperate climates and well-drained soil.
The plant can be propagated by seeds or cuttings, though cuttings are the preferred method.
It should be planted in an area with full sun and protected from strong winds.
Spacing for planting should be at least 20 feet apart.
Watering needs
Morus bombycis requires moderate watering during the growing season and little to no watering during winter months.
The soil should remain moist but not waterlogged; be mindful of root rot.
If planted in a container, good drainage is essential.
Fertilization
Morus bombycis benefits from regular fertilization, particularly in the growing season.
Use a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20, every 4 to 6 weeks.
Avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to weak branches and poor fruit quality.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary for the development of a strong structure and maximum fruit production in Morus bombycis.
Pruning should be done in winter while the tree is dormant.
Remove any weak, diseased or crossing branches and trim the remaining branches sparingly.
Avoid pruning more than one-third of the tree's growth in one season.
Regularly pruning will help keep the tree healthy and promote fruit growth.
Propagation of Morus bombycis
Morus bombycis, commonly known as the white mulberry, is a deciduous tree that can be propagated through several methods.
Seed Propagation
White mulberry can be propagated through seed, which needs to be stratified for a couple of months before sowing. It should be sown in a well-drained potting mix and kept in a warm, moist area. After the seeds germinate, they can be transplanted to larger containers.
Cuttings Propagation
Morus bombycis can also be propagated through hardwood cuttings taken in winter. Cuttings around 20-30cm long, with a diameter of 1-2cm, should be used. The leaves should be removed, and the cuttings planted in soil. They should be kept moist and warm until they form roots, which can take a couple of months. Once rooted, they can be transplanted into larger pots.
Layering Propagation
Another propagation method is layering. A low hanging branch of the tree can be selected and pinned down to the ground. A small wound, or a notch can be made on the branch to stimulate roots. The branch should be covered with soil and kept moist. After a few months, roots will form, and the branch can be cut and transplanted into a larger container.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is also a common method of propagation in white mulberry. The tree can be grafted onto the rootstock of other mulberry species. The rootstock should be chosen carefully to ensure compatibility with Morus bombycis. The grafting process should be done during the dormant season.
Disease and Pest Management for Morus bombycis
Morus bombycis, also known as Chinese white mulberry, is a popular plant that produces edible fruits. However, several diseases and pests can affect its growth and yield. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Morus bombycis and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Powdery Mildew: This disease is caused by fungi that grow on the leaves of the plant, causing them to turn gray and powdery. To manage it, remove any infected leaves and avoid overhead watering to prevent the fungus from spreading. Apply a fungicide spray to the plant to control the disease.
Anthracnose: This fungal disease can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves, as well as the development of dark spots on the fruit. To manage it, prune any diseased branches and apply a fungicide spray to the plant.
Crown Gall: This bacterial disease can cause the formation of galls on the stem, which can impede growth and yield. To manage it, remove any infected plants and sterilize any tools used on them. Do not replant in the same soil.
Pests
Spider Mites: These tiny pests can cause discoloration and curling of leaves and can be difficult to detect. To manage them, regularly hose down the plant to remove any pests. Apply a miticide spray to the plant to control the pests.
Scale Insects: These insects can cause yellowing of leaves and the development of a sticky substance on the plant. To manage them, prune any infected branches and apply a horticultural oil spray to the plant to control the pests.
Fruit Flies: These pests can cause damage to the fruit, making them inedible. To manage them, cover the plant with a fine mesh netting to prevent the flies from reaching the fruit. Remove any fallen fruit from the ground to prevent the eggs from hatching.
By implementing these disease and pest management strategies, you can ensure the healthy growth and abundant yield of your Morus bombycis plant. Regular inspection of your plant can also help you catch any issues early and prevent them from spreading.
