Origin and Common Names
Monstera gigantea Engl., also known as the Giant Split Leaf Philodendron, is a tropical plant that is native to Central and South America. It belongs to the Araceae family, which includes other well-known plants such as the peace lily and the elephant ear.
The plant is commonly referred to as "Monstera deliciosa borsigiana" or "Monstera deliciosa variegata" due to its similar appearance to the Monstera deliciosa, a common houseplant. However, the Monstera gigantea is distinct in its large size and leaves that can grow up to three feet wide.
Uses
The Monstera gigantea is mostly grown for ornamental purposes due to its unique and eye-catching appearance. Its large, lobed leaves give it a tropical and exotic feel that makes it a popular choice as a houseplant or for landscaping projects.
Additionally, the plant's fruit is edible, hence the "deliciosa" in one of its common names. The fruit is a green, spiky oval that turns yellow as it ripens. It is said to taste like a combination of pineapple and banana when fully ripe.
General Appearance
The Monstera gigantea is a large, evergreen plant that can grow up to 70 feet in a tropical rainforest environment. Its most distinct feature is its enormous, split leaves which have large oval-shaped holes. The leaves' shape and pattern resemble that of Swiss cheese, making it a popularly known as the 'Swiss Cheese Plant'.
Aside from its leaves, the plant also has an aerial root system that develops along the stems. These roots can grow into other plants or objects, allowing the plant to climb and support itself. The Monstera gigantea produces flowers that are similar to the arum lily, which develop into the aforementioned edible fruit.
Overall, the Monstera gigantea is a fascinating and exotic plant that is sure to grab attention in any setting. Its easy care requirements make it a popular choice for indoor or outdoor decoration, or even as a conversation piece in a home or office setting.
Light Requirements:
The Monstera gigantea Engl. requires bright but indirect sunlight for optimal growth. It can tolerate some direct sunlight but too much can cause leaf burn. It is best to place the plant in a bright location with filtered light or shade.
Temperature Requirements:
The Monstera gigantea Engl. thrives in warm temperatures, ranging from 65°F to 85°F (18°C to 29°C). It is important to avoid exposing the plant to temperatures below 55°F (13°C) or sudden temperature drops, as it can damage the leaves, and eventually, the entire plant.
Soil and Water Requirements:
The Monstera gigantea Engl. thrives in soil that is well-draining and rich in organic matter. It is recommended to use a soil mix that consists of equal parts potting soil, peat moss, and perlite. The plant prefers to be kept evenly moist but not soggy. Overwatering can lead to root rot and cause damage to the plant. It is advisable to check the moisture level of the soil regularly and water the plant when the top layer of soil is dry to the touch.
Cultivation Methods
Monstera gigantea Engl. can be grown indoors or outdoors, depending on your climate. If growing indoors, the plant should be placed in a brightly lit spot, but not in direct sunlight. Outdoors, the plant can be grown in partial shade or full sun. The plant prefers well-drained soil that is high in organic matter.
When planting, make sure the soil is evenly moist and keep the plant well-watered until it has established a good root system. After that, the plant can be watered whenever the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Watering Needs
Monstera gigantea Engl. prefers to be consistently moist but not waterlogged. It is important to water the plant regularly, but not too much, which can lead to root rot. When watering, make sure the soil has drained completely before you water again. If you are unsure if the plant needs to be watered, stick your finger into the soil to check for moisture.
During the winter months, the plant requires less watering and can be left to dry out a bit more between watering sessions.
Fertilization
Monstera gigantea Engl. benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season, from early spring to late summer. Fertilize the plant every two weeks using a balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20.
If the plant shows signs of slow growth or yellowing leaves, it may need more nitrogen. Adjust your fertilizer accordingly, using a higher nitrogen ratio of 20-10-10.
Pruning
Pruning your Monstera gigantea Engl. plant is important to avoid overcrowding and promote better growth. Prune back any dead or yellowing leaves to keep the plant looking healthy.
If the plant becomes too large and unwieldy, prune it back to the desired size in late winter or early spring. Use a pair of sharp, clean scissors or pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant. Trim back any overgrown branches or stems as needed to promote healthy growth.
Propagation of Monstera gigantea Engl.
Monstera gigantea Engl. can be propagated through various methods. Some of the common methods include:
Propagation through Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are a common method of propagating Monstera gigantea. Take cuttings from the stem that have at least one node. Nodes are critical for rooting because they contain natural plant hormones that help the cutting to root. Next, remove any leaves from the lower part of the stem to facilitate insertion into the rooting medium. Cuttings of about 15-20 cm length are ideal for rooting. Place the cuttings in a rooting medium such as perlite, sand, or coconut coir. Keep the rooting medium moist and place the cuttings in a warm, bright place. Rooting may take about 3-4 weeks.
Air Layering Propagation
Air layering is another way of propagating Monstera gigantea. This method involves wounding the stem, which induces the formation of roots at that point. For this process, choose a healthy stem between two nodes. Make a wound on the stem by removing a small portion of bark from around the stem. Wrap damp sphagnum moss around the stem, covering the wound. Cover the moss with plastic wrap, making sure it is well sealed. Keep the moss moist and wait for the roots to form. Once the roots have developed, cut the stem below the layering and pot it up.
Propagation through Seeds
Propagation of Monstera gigantea through seeds is possible, but not very common. Seeds are obtained from the fruit which can take up to a year to ripen. After the fruit has ripened, extract the seeds and sow them in a well-draining soil mix. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep them moist. Germination may take up to six weeks depending on the conditions. Once the seedlings have emerged, transplant them when they are big enough to handle into small pots or plug trays.
Disease and Pest Management for Monstera Gigantea Engl.
Monstera Gigantea Engl., commonly known as Giant Split-Leaf Philodendron, is a tropical plant that can be affected by both diseases and pests. Understanding the common diseases and pests affecting this plant and knowing the proper ways to manage them can help ensure its health and longevity.
Pests
Some common pests that can attack the Monstera Gigantea Engl. include mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects. Mealybugs and scale insects are usually found near the base of the stems, while spider mites can be found on the foliage of the plant. Presence of these pests can be detected by checking the undersides of the leaves or by noticing yellowing or wilting leaves.
To manage these pests, one can use the following methods:
- Washing the plants with a mild soap solution
- Wiping the leaves with rubbing alcohol
- Using a commercial insecticide (make sure it is labeled for use on Monstera Gigantea Engl.)
Diseases
Monstera Gigantea Engl. can be affected by several fungal and bacterial diseases. Some common diseases include root rot, leaf spot, and blight. Root rot usually occurs due to overwatering, which leads to fungi attacking the roots of the plant. Leaf spot is caused by a fungal infection that results in brown or black spots on the leaves. Blight is caused by a bacterial infection that causes the plant to wilt suddenly.
To manage these diseases, one can follow the following methods:
- Ensure proper watering practices (i.e., do not overwater the plant)
- Use sterile soil and proper drainage
- Remove infected plant material
- Use a copper-based fungicide or a bactericide (make sure it is labeled for use on Monstera Gigantea Engl.)
Regular care and attention can help keep your Monstera Gigantea Engl. healthy and thriving in your home or garden. By being proactive about pest and disease management, you can ensure the longevity and beauty of this tropical plant.
