Overview
Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh., commonly known as "Panga Panga," is an evergreen tree species belonging to the family Sapotaceae. The plant is known for its large size and striking features. It is generally used for timber and medicinal purposes, among others.Origin
The Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. is native to the tropical regions of East and Southern Africa, including Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The plant thrives in the humid tropics with rainfall ranging from 750-1500mm annually and temperatures between 20-30°C.Common Names
The Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. has various common names depending on the region. In Angola, it is known as "Landim," while in Malawi and Zambia, it is referred to as "Mpande" and "Mupande," respectively. In Zimbabwe, it is known as "Mukwa," and in Tanzania, it is called "Mkangazi."Uses
The Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. has various economic and medicinal uses. The timber obtained from the tree is highly valued and sought-after for its durability and strength. It is used for constructing boats, furniture, and flooring. The bark, leaves, and roots contain medicinal properties and used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments like diarrhea, fever, and ear infections. Moreover, the plant is also used for fuelwood, charcoal production, and shade for crop production. Its ornamental value makes it a popular tree species in landscaping and afforestation initiatives.General Appearance
The Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. is a large evergreen tree that grows up to 30 meters tall, with a trunk measuring up to one meter in diameter. The bark is smooth and brownish-gray, and the crown is full, dense, and hemispherical. The tree produces oblong-shaped leaves with a glossy dark green color above and light green below. The flowers are small and yellowish-white, and the fruit is an orange or yellowish-brown capsule containing one to three seeds.Growth Conditions for Monelasmum schweinfurthii
Light: Monelasmum schweinfurthii is a shade-loving plant and grows best in low to medium light conditions. It can grow in full shade, but may not produce as many flowers as it would in a slightly brighter environment. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can damage the leaves of the plant.
Temperature: Monelasmum schweinfurthii is a tropical plant and prefers warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for growth is 18°C to 26°C (64°F to 79°F). It is important to avoid exposure to cold temperatures, as this may cause damage to the plant.
Soil: Monelasmum schweinfurthii thrives in well-draining, moist soil that is rich in organic matter. A soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5 is ideal. The addition of compost or other organic matter to the soil can help improve soil structure and nutrient availability. It is important to ensure that the soil does not become waterlogged, as this can cause root rot.
Fertilizer: Monelasmum schweinfurthii can benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced, water-soluble fertilizer can be applied every 2-3 months to provide the plant with necessary nutrients. It is important not to over-fertilize, as this can lead to burned leaves and damaged roots.
Water: Monelasmum schweinfurthii requires consistent moisture, but should not be over-watered. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged. Watering once or twice a week is usually sufficient, but this may vary depending on environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.
Cultivation methods
Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. is a shrub that can grow up to 6 meters tall and can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. This plant requires well-draining soil and partial shade, making it an ideal addition to a shaded garden. It is also necessary to provide adequate protection from strong winds to prevent the plant from breaking.
Watering needs
Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. requires moist but well-drained soil. Watering this plant should be done regularly, especially during the dry season. However, care should be taken not to overwater the plant as it can lead to root rot and associated diseases.
Fertilization
Fertilizers should be applied during the growing season. It is essential to use a slow-release fertilizer, so the nutrients are gradually released into the soil instead of being washed away by rainwater. This procedure can help promote healthy plant growth and development.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to remove dead or diseased branches and to shape the plant. This procedure should be carried out in late winter or early spring before the growing season begins. Avoid pruning during the rainy season as this can make the plant more susceptible to diseases.
Propagation of Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh.
Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. is commonly propagated by three methods: seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seeds
The seeds of Monelasmum schweinfurthii are usually collected from the plant during the flowering season. The seeds should be cleaned and sown immediately in a mixture of sand and peat moss at a temperature of 20-25°C. The seeds take approximately one to two months to germinate. Once the seedlings have developed strong roots, they can be transplanted to individual pots or directly into the ground.
Propagation by Cuttings
The stem cuttings of Monelasmum schweinfurthii should be taken from the plant during the growing season. Use a sharp, sterile knife to take cuttings from the tips of the plant's branches. The cuttings should be about 8-10 cm long. Remove the lower leaves from the cutting and dip the cut end in a rooting hormone before planting in a mixture of sand and peat moss. Keep the cuttings in a shaded area and mist them daily to maintain humidity. The cuttings should develop roots within six to eight weeks, at which point they can be transplanted to individual pots or directly into the ground.
Propagation by Division
Monelasmum schweinfurthii can also be propagated through division. This is usually done in the spring when the plant begins to show new growth. Dig up the root ball of the plant and separate it into several sections, making sure that each section has a healthy portion of roots. The sections can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the ground. Water the divided plants thoroughly and keep them in a shaded area for a few days until they establish new roots.
Common Diseases of Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. and Their Management
Monelasmum schweinfurthii is an attractive plant that can enhance the aesthetics of any garden or landscape. However, it is susceptible to several diseases that can hamper its beauty and growth. Following are some of the common diseases that might affect the plant:
Fungal Diseases
Fungal diseases such as Anthracnose, Rust, and Powdery Mildew are common in Monelasmum schweinfurthii. These diseases are caused by fungi that grow on the surface of the plant and can cause significant damage if not managed properly.
The best way to manage fungal diseases is to prevent their occurrence. Keeping the plant healthy is the first step in preventing fungal diseases. Avoid over-watering and protect the plant from excess moisture. It is also recommended to prune infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Fungicides can be used to control the spread of fungal diseases.
Bacterial Diseases
Bacterial diseases such as Bacterial Leaf Spot and Soft Rot are also common in Monelasmum schweinfurthii. These diseases can cause the leaves and stems to turn yellow and eventually brown, leading to plant death.
The best way to manage bacterial diseases is to practice good hygiene. Keep the plants and surrounding areas clean and free from debris. Prune infected leaves and stems and dispose of them properly. Avoid over-watering and ensure proper air circulation. Copper-based fungicides can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.
Common Pests of Monelasmum schweinfurthii (Engl.) Tiegh. and Their Management
Monelasmum schweinfurthii is also vulnerable to attack by several pests that can damage the plant. Following are some of the common pests that might affect the plant:
Aphids
Aphids are tiny insects that feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow. They secrete a sticky substance that can attract ants and other insects.
The best way to control aphids is to spray the plant with a solution of water and soap or use insecticidal soap. Neem oil can also be used to repel aphids.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the leaves of the plant, causing discoloration and distortion. They are hard to spot as they are very small and can cause significant damage if not managed.
The best way to control spider mites is to spray the plant with a solution of water and soap or use insecticidal soap. Neem oil can also be used to repel spider mites.
Mealybugs
Mealybugs are small, white, cottony insects that feed on the plant sap, causing the leaves to yellow and distort. They can also attract other pests.
The best way to control mealybugs is to spray the plant with a solution of water and soap or use insecticidal soap. Neem oil can also be used to repel mealybugs.
By following these simple disease and pest management techniques, it is possible to grow healthy and beautiful Monelasmum schweinfurthii plants.
