Overview
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. is an evergreen plant belonging to the Annonaceae family. It is a small to medium-sized tree with medicinal properties, found in tropical Africa, specifically in Cameroon, Gabon, and the Republic of Congo.
Common Names
The plant Monanthotaxis trichocarpa has several common names in different dialects across Africa, including Akwa Ibibio, Oka-Oyinbo, and Nchanwu Ugba.
Appearance
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa plant can grow up to 10 meters in height. It has a dense and rounded crown, with a straight trunk that is about 30 cm in diameter. The bark is light grey and rough, with horizontal cracks and flakes. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate, and glossy with a smooth texture. The plant produces small yellow-white flowers that measure about 2-2.5 cm, and the fruit is a greenish-yellow berry, about 2.5-3 cm in diameter containing up to 20 seeds.
Uses
The different parts of Monanthotaxis trichocarpa have various medicinal properties and are used to treat several ailments in African traditional medicine. The roots and bark of the tree have antimalarial and antimicrobial properties, while leaves and stems can be used to treat fever, inflammation, fungal infections, and hypertension. Moreover, the fruits of the plant are edible and can be used as a food supplement by locals.
Light Requirements
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa is adapted to grow in shaded environments and requires moderate amounts of sunlight to grow healthily. Direct exposure to sunlight can cause the leaves to burn, and the plant may stop growing. Therefore, it is best to place the plant in an area that receives bright but indirect sunlight, such as next to a window that is covered with sheer curtains.
Temperature Requirements
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa grows well in temperatures between 18°C to 24°C (64°F to 75°F). It is sensitive to cold temperatures and cannot survive in temperatures below 10°C (50°F). It is essential to keep the plant away from cold drafts from doors, windows, or air conditioning as this can cause temperature fluctuations that can harm the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa requires well-draining and moist soil to grow well. A mix of potting soil and peat moss is suitable for the plant. The soil should be slightly acidic, with a pH level between 5.5 and 6.5. The plant may also benefit from the addition of organic matter such as compost to the soil. It is essential to ensure that the soil is not waterlogged as it can cause the roots to rot, leading to the death of the plant.
Cultivation Methods for Monanthotaxis Trichocarpa
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa is known for its hardiness and resilience. It can be grown outdoors in most climates, as well as indoors.
If you plan on growing it outdoors, choose a spot that gets plenty of sunlight but also has some shade during the day. The soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. You can also plant it in a container that is at least 14 inches in diameter and 16 inches deep. When planting in a container, make sure the soil is high-quality and drains well.
Watering Needs for Monanthotaxis Trichocarpa
Watering should be done regularly, but not excessively. Overwatering can lead to root rot, which is detrimental to the plants. In outdoor conditions, watering should be done once a week, while indoor plants should be watered every 10-14 days. You can use a moisture meter to keep track of the soil moisture content. Water the plants thoroughly, but make sure that the soil is not water-logged.
Fertilization for Monanthotaxis Trichocarpa
The Monanthotaxis trichocarpa plant requires a fertilizer with a balanced N-P-K ratio. Fertilize once a month during the growing season, which is typically from spring to autumn. Avoid fertilization in winter when the plant is dormant. You can also use liquid fertilizers or slow-release fertilizers, but make sure to follow the instructions on the package.
Pruning Monanthotaxis Trichocarpa
Pruning is not necessary for Monanthotaxis trichocarpa, but if you want a more compact plant, you can prune it in spring before the growth season starts. Simply remove any dead or damaged leaves and branches. You can also prune to shape the plant or control its size.
Propagation of Monanthotaxis trichocarpa
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. is a plant species that can be propagated by various methods. The propagation of this plant can be done through seeds, cuttings, division, and tissue culture.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Monanthotaxis trichocarpa can be collected from the plant when they are mature. The seed pods should be harvested when they turn brown and start to split. Seeds can be collected and sown in a mixture of sand and peat moss. The mixture should be kept moist, and the seeds will germinate within a few weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is another method to propagate Monanthotaxis trichocarpa. The cuttings should be taken from the stem of the plant, and the leaves should be removed from the bottom of the stem. The cuttings should be stuck in a soilless mixture of peat moss and perlite. The cuttings should be kept moist and at a warm temperature. The roots will form within a few weeks.
Propagation by Division
Propagation by division is also possible for Monanthotaxis trichocarpa. The plant should be dug up, and the roots should be separated into sections. Each section should be planted in a pot or directly in the ground. The plant should be kept moist, and within a few months, new growth will occur.
Propagation by Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is another method to propagate Monanthotaxis trichocarpa. Tissue culture involves taking a small piece of the plant and placing it in a sterile dish with a nutrient-rich gel. The plant tissue will grow and develop, and eventually, the plant will be transferred to soil.
Disease Management
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa is not known to be highly susceptible to diseases. However, some common diseases that may affect the plant are:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes dark lesions on leaves, stems, and flowers. To manage anthracnose, remove infected plant parts and use fungicides containing copper or mancozeb.
- Leaf spots: Caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses, leaf spots appear as circular or irregular brown or black areas on leaves. Remove infected plant parts and avoid overhead watering to prevent leaf spots. Use fungicides when necessary.
- Powdery mildew: A fungal disease that causes a white, powdery growth on leaves and stems. To manage powdery mildew, improve air circulation around the plant, avoid overhead watering, and remove infected plant parts. Use fungicides containing sulfur or potassium bicarbonate.
Pest Management
Monanthotaxis trichocarpa may be vulnerable to some pests, including:
- Scale insects: These pests attach themselves to the stems and leaves and suck the sap from the plant. Remove scale insects manually with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
- Spider mites: Tiny insects that spin webs and suck fluids from leaves. To manage spider mites, remove affected leaves and rinse the plant with water to dislodge the mites. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control severe infestations.
- Thrips: These tiny insects cause silvery scars on leaves and flowers. Remove affected plant parts and use sticky traps or insecticidal soap to manage thrips.
Regular inspection of the plant for signs of disease or pest infestation can help prevent damage to the plant. In addition, maintaining good sanitation practices, such as disposing of fallen leaves and debris, can prevent the buildup of pests and diseases. It is important to use pesticides and fungicides strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions.
