Origin
Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia is a flowering plant that belongs to the Annonaceae family. It is native to tropical Africa, specifically found in Cameroon, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the Pencil Flower due to its small and narrow flowers. It has other local names such as Egbesi and Oranitissi in Nigeria, Osuma in Cameroon, and Gwiribo in Ghana.
Uses
Monanthotaxis parvifolia is used by local communities for medicinal purposes. The leaves and stem bark are used to treat various ailments such as malaria, fever, and stomach problems. The roots are used as an antidote for snakebites. Additionally, the plant is also used for its wood, which is used to make small items such as tool handles and walking sticks.
General Appearance
The Monanthotaxis parvifolia is a small tree that grows up to 8 meters tall. It has a narrow and straight trunk with a smooth greyish bark. The leaves are simple, alternate, and ovate, measuring about 6-12 cm in length and 2-6 cm in width. Flowers are small and yellowish-brown in color, measuring about 1 cm in diameter. The fruit is a small, round, and greenish-brown berry that contains one seed.
Light Requirements
Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia prefers partial shade to full sun. It can tolerate high levels of direct sunlight but it grows best when shaded by taller trees. Bright but indirect light is ideal for this plant's growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers moderate to warm temperatures and can tolerate cool temperatures. The optimal temperature range for Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia growth is between 20°C and 25°C. Temperatures above 30°C can cause damage to the leaves and stunted growth. Cooler temperatures below 10°C can also cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia grows well in well-draining soils with high organic matter content. A pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 is optimal for this plant's growth. It does not tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils. Adding compost or organic matter to the soil can improve water retention and nutrient availability for the plant.
Cultivation Methods
The Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia can grow in both tropical and subtropical regions, but it requires a well-draining soil and a warm climate. It is recommended to grow it in a partially shaded area, as excessive sunlight can cause damage to its foliage.
It is essential to plant it in a location where it will receive sufficient sunlight without being exposed to harsh winds. The plant requires a good amount of water during the growing season, but it is crucial to allow the soil to dry out between watering to prevent root rot.
Watering Needs
The Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia requires consistent moisture during the growing season, which is typically from March to November. When watering, it is recommended to use distilled or rainwater to prevent a build-up of salts in the soil.
It is essential not to overwater this plant, as too much water can cause the roots to rot. During the dormant period, which is typically from December to February, water the plant sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between watering.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular feeding with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season to promote healthy growth. It is recommended to use a slow-release fertilizer or a liquid fertilizer, applied every two to four weeks.
Be mindful not to overfeed the plant, as this can lead to a build-up of salt in the soil, causing damage to the plant. During the dormant season, it is not necessary to feed the plant.
Pruning
The Monanthotaxis parvifolia (Oliv.) Verdc. subsp. parvifolia requires minimal pruning. When necessary, prune the plant in late winter or early spring to remove any dead or damaged branches or to shape the plant.
It is crucial to use clean, sharp tools to prevent the spread of disease. To avoid damaging the plant, only remove up to one-third of the branches per year.
Propagation of Monanthotaxis parvifolia
Monanthotaxis parvifolia can be propagated through various methods. The most common methods include:
Seed propagation
Seeds of the Monanthotaxis parvifolia can be sown directly in well-draining soil. The seeds require a warm and moist environment for germination, and therefore it is recommended to cover them with a thin layer of soil and place them in a heated propagator. The seeds will start germinating within 2 to 4 weeks. Once they reach a height of 10-15 cm, they can be transplanted to individual pots.
Cuttings propagation
Cuttings can be taken from young plant stems. The cuttings should be made from the stem's tip or just below a node and should be at least 10 cm long. Remove the bottom leaves and dip the cutting in rooting hormone before planting it in a well-draining soil mixture. Water the cuttings once planted and cover them with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. The cuttings should root within 6 to 8 weeks and can be transplanted once they have developed a strong root system.
Division propagation
Monanthotaxis parvifolia can be propagated by division if the plant has developed a large root system. Carefully separate the rhizomes of a mature plant into individual sections, making sure each section has several shoots and a healthy root system. Plant each section into well-draining soil mixture and water it regularly until the new roots become established.
Disease Management
Monanthotaxis parvifolia is generally disease resistant, but like most plants, it is susceptible to some diseases. The two most common diseases that affect this plant are anthracnose and powdery mildew.
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes irregularly shaped lesions on the leaves. The lesions may appear tan or brown with reddish-brown borders, and may also appear water soaked. The disease can spread quickly if left untreated, causing defoliation and ultimately killing the plant. To manage anthracnose, remove and destroy all infected plant parts. Fungicides can also be used to manage the disease. Ensure that you follow the manufacturer's instructions when using fungicides.
Powdery mildew is another disease that can affect Monanthotaxis parvifolia. It is caused by a fungus that appears as a white, powdery substance on the leaves. The disease can cause leaves to curl, turn yellow, and eventually drop. To manage powdery mildew, prune the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them. Fungicides may also be used to control powdery mildew.
Pest Management
Monanthotaxis parvifolia can also be affected by insect pests. The most common pests that affect this plant are mealybugs and spider mites.
Mealybugs are soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of plants. They usually appear as white, fuzzy spots on the leaves and stems. Mealybugs can be controlled by removing them manually using a cotton swab or a blast of water. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be used to manage mealybugs.
Spider mites are tiny pests that are difficult to detect. They usually appear as small brown or yellow spots, often on the undersides of leaves. If left untreated, spider mites can cause leaf discoloration and defoliation. To manage spider mites, prune the affected parts of the plant and dispose of them. Neem oil and insecticidal soap can also be used to control spider mites.
