Overview
Mirabilis rotundifolia (Greene) Standl. is a flowering plant that belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. It is also commonly known as Desert Four O'Clock, Roundleaf Four O'Clock, or Lemmon's Four O'Clock. This plant is a native of western North America and thrives in the United States' desert regions, including California, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada.
Appearance
The Desert Four O'Clock plant grows up to a height of 1 to 3 feet and spreads across 1 to 2 feet. The plant has a woody base and fleshy stems, which hold its round leaves with a diameter of about 1.5 to 4 cm. The leaves are light green, petiolate, and grow alternately on the stem. The flowers bloom in the summer season and are funnel-shaped with white or pale pink color, measuring about 2.5 cm in diameter.
Uses
The Desert Four O'Clock plant has been traditionally used in Native American medicine to treat various ailments such as upset stomach, skin irritation, and inflammation. The plant has laxative properties and has been used to induce labor during childbirth. Additionally, the plant's roots are used as a source of food by certain indigenous communities.
Moreover, the Desert Four O'Clock plant is an excellent natural source of nectar, attracting pollination-friendly insects such as bees and butterflies. It also has ornamental value and is grown in gardens and landscaping designs.
Light Requirements
Mirabilis rotundifolia typically grows in full sun or partial shade. In order to thrive, it requires at least six hours of sunlight per day. It is a highly adaptable plant and can tolerate different levels of light, but it may not flower as prolifically in shady locations.
Temperature Requirements
Mirabilis rotundifolia is native to arid and semi-arid regions of North America, and is well adapted to hot and dry conditions. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but generally prefers temperatures between 65°F and 85°F. It is also highly drought tolerant and can survive extended periods without rainfall.
Soil Requirements
Although it can grow in a variety of soil types, Mirabilis rotundifolia prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils. It is adapted to soils with low nutrient content and can grow in highly alkaline conditions. However, it is important to note that it may not tolerate soils that are consistently waterlogged or have poor drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Mirabilis rotundifolia is commonly known as desert four o'clock, as it is native to arid regions of North and South America. This plant thrives in well-drained soils and requires full sunlight to grow. It can be propagated with seeds or stem cuttings in early spring.
Watering Needs
Desert four o'clock is drought-tolerant and can survive long periods without water. However, for optimal growth and flowering, it is recommended to water the plant once a week during the growing season. It is important to avoid overwatering as it can cause root rot and kill the plant.
Fertilization
Adding fertilizer can promote vigorous growth and enhance the blooming of desert four o'clock. It is suggested to apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Over-fertilizing should be avoided as it can burn the plant and affect its health.
Pruning
Mirabilis rotundifolia does not require regular pruning. However, removing dead or damaged branches can improve the plant's appearance and health. Pruning can also be done to control the size and shape of the plant, but it is best to do it during the dormant season to avoid disrupting the blooming cycle.
Propagation of Mirabilis Rotundifolia
Mirabilis Rotundifolia can be propagated using two methods: by seed or by root division.
Propagation by Seed
The seeds of Mirabilis Rotundifolia should be collected when the season for seeding arrives. Once the seeds are collected, they can be planted in a soil mixture consisting of sand, perlite, and peat moss. The seeds must be covered lightly with a layer of soil and watered moderately. Depending on the weather conditions, the seeds should germinate within two to six weeks. The seedlings can be moved outdoors once they develop at least two to three mature leaves.
Propagation by Root Division
Mirabilis Rotundifolia can also be propagated by root division. First, the root mass should be removed from the soil. The roots must be carefully separated, ensuring each root section has at least one stem bud or growth point. Once the root sections are isolated, they can each be transplanted into small pots with a mix of soil and compost. Water the plants and place them in a shade area until new growth is established. After that, they can be slowly moved to a brighter location.
Propagation of this plant can be a fun and rewarding process, giving gardeners the opportunity to create more plants to add to their garden.
Disease Management
Mirabilis rotundifolia can be affected by various types of diseases. Some of the common diseases that can affect it are:
- Botrytis blight: This disease causes brownish spots on the leaves and flowers, which eventually lead to their death. To manage this disease, it is advisable to remove infected plant parts immediately and ensure proper air circulation around the plant.
- Root rot: This disease causes the roots to rot, making the plant unable to absorb water and nutrients. It is important to avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot. If the disease has already infected the plant, it is advisable to remove the infected plant parts and repot the plant in fresh soil.
- Leaf spot: This disease causes brown or black spots on the leaves, which can lead to defoliation. To manage this disease, remove infected plant parts immediately and avoid watering the leaves, as it can spread the infection. Applying a fungicide can also help control leaf spot.
Pest Management
Aside from diseases, pests can also affect the growth and development of Mirabilis rotundifolia. Some of the common pests that can affect the plant are:
- Aphids: These insects feed on the sap of the plants, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. To control aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Alternatively, you can release beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings to feed on the aphids.
- Spider mites: These pests feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and wilted leaves. To control spider mites, spray the plant with a mixture of water and insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increasing the humidity around the plant can also help control spider mites.
- Cutworms: These pests cut the stems of the plants, causing them to wilt and die. To control cutworms, apply a biological control like Bacillus thuringiensis or use a collar around the stem of the plant to prevent the cutworms from reaching it.
