Plant Description:
Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl. is a small perennial herb that belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. The plant grows up to 12 cm tall, and the stems are erect and branched. The leaves are simple, alternate, and oblong-lanceolate, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in length and 0.5 cm in width. The flowers are small, tubular, and brightly colored, and they bloom in clusters. The fruits are small and black, measuring approximately 2 mm in diameter.
Origin:
Mirabilis pumila is native to southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The plant is commonly found in dry, rocky areas and sandy soils, particularly in desert regions.
Common Names:
Mirabilis pumila has several common names, including dwarf four o'clock, night beauty, and sand four o'clock. The plant is also known as "angel trumpet" due to its beautiful trumpet-shaped flowers.
Uses:
Mirabilis pumila has several medicinal uses. The Navajo people traditionally used the plant as an antiseptic for minor wounds and skin infections. The plant has also been used to treat digestive problems, inflammation, and fever. In addition, Mirabilis pumila has ornamental uses due to its beautiful flowers and compact size.
Light Requirements
Mirabilis pumila requires full sun to thrive. It grows best in areas with abundant sunlight, receiving a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The temperature requirements of Mirabilis pumila vary depending on the season. During the growing season, which typically occurs in the spring and summer months, the plant requires warm temperatures ranging from 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit (21 to 29 degrees Celsius). In the cooler months, the plant becomes dormant and requires temperatures between 40 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit (4 to 15 degrees Celsius).
Soil Requirements
Mirabilis pumila prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for the plant is between 6.0 and 7.5. It grows best in loamy or sandy soils and cannot tolerate waterlogged or heavy clay soils. The plant does not require a lot of fertilizer, but a balanced, slow-release fertilizer can be applied once or twice a year to encourage healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
Mirabilis pumila is a hardy plant that can be grown in a wide range of soil types. However, it prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0. It also requires full sun exposure, which means the plant should be grown in an area that receives at least six hours of sunlight per day. Plant the seeds or transplant the plant in the spring when the soil has warmed up, and the last frost has passed.
Watering Needs
Mirabilis pumila requires moderate watering during the growing season. Water the plant at least once a week, depending on the local climate. However, avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot. It is best to water the plant in the morning to allow the leaves to dry before the evening, which can help prevent fungal infections.
Fertilization
Mirabilis pumila does not require frequent fertilization. However, you can apply a slow-release fertilizer during the spring to promote healthy growth. Avoid using a high-nitrogen fertilizer as it can cause leggy growth and reduce flowering. Instead, use a balanced fertilizer such as a 10-10-10 or 14-14-14 and follow the instructions on the package for the recommended application rate.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Mirabilis pumila, but it can be beneficial to maintain its shape and encourage bushier growth. Prune the plant lightly in the spring to remove any damaged or dead growth. You can also pinch the tips of the stems early in the growing season to promote branching and more flowers. Avoid heavy pruning as it can reduce flowering.
Propagation of Mirabilis pumila
Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl. is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. The plant is native to Mexico and the United States and is commonly known as Boatsman's delight or the dwarf four o'clock. Propagation of Mirabilis pumila can be done by seeds or cuttings.
Seed Propagation
The propagation of Mirabilis pumila through seeds is a relatively simple process. The seeds of the plant should be collected when the fruit matures and the seeds turn brown. The seeds should be cleaned, and the chaff should be removed. The cleaned seeds can be sown immediately or can be stored for up to two years.
The seeds of Mirabilis pumila should be sown in well-draining soil. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The seeds will germinate within 7 to 10 days, and the seedlings can be transplanted when they have two to three true leaves. The seedlings should be planted in a location that receives full sun.
Cutting Propagation
Mirabilis pumila can also be propagated through cuttings. Softwood cuttings should be taken in the spring or early summer. The cuttings should be 3-4 inches in length and should be taken from the tip of the plant. The lower leaves should be removed from the cuttings, leaving only two or three leaves at the top.
The cuttings should be planted in a pot containing a well-draining soil mix. The pot should be kept in a humid location, and the soil should be kept moist. The cuttings will root within 3 to 4 weeks, and they can be transplanted to the desired location.
Overall, Mirabilis pumila is an easy plant to propagate. Whether through seed or cuttings, propagation should be done in the appropriate conditions to ensure the success of the plant's growth and development.
Disease and Pest Management for Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl.
Mirabilis pumila (Standl.) Standl., commonly known as rock beauty or tiny four o'clock, is a small, herbaceous perennial plant native to North America. Although it is relatively resistant to diseases and pests, some problems may affect its growth and appearance.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Mirabilis pumila is root rot, which is caused by excessive moisture around the roots. This may happen when the plant is overwatered, planted in poorly drained soil or subjected to prolonged periods of rain. Symptoms of root rot include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and rotting roots.
Another disease that may affect Mirabilis pumila is powdery mildew, a fungal infection that causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves. This disease is favored by high humidity and poor air circulation. If left untreated, powdery mildew can weaken the plant and reduce its flowering capacity.
Disease Management
To prevent root rot, make sure to plant Mirabilis pumila in well-drained soil, and avoid overwatering the plant. Allow the soil to dry out partially between waterings, and ensure that the pot or container has adequate drainage holes. If root rot is detected, remove the affected plant parts, repot the plant and reduce watering until the soil dries out.
To manage powdery mildew, avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation around the plant. Prune back any crowded branches and remove infected leaves as soon as possible. If necessary, apply a fungicide according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Common Pests
While Mirabilis pumila is not usually affected by pests, some insects may occasionally cause problems. The most common pests are spider mites and aphids, which suck the sap from the leaves and can weaken the plant.
Pest Management
To manage spider mites and aphids, spray the leaves with a strong stream of water to dislodge the insects. Alternatively, apply an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray on the foliage, making sure to cover both the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Repeat the treatment every few days until the pests are under control.
Preventive measures such as good cultural practices and proper sanitation can also help prevent pest infestations. Regularly remove dead or decaying plant material, keep the plant in a clean and healthy environment, and avoid overcrowding the growing area.
