Origin
Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl, commonly known as white four o'clock, has its origin in North America, specifically the southeastern regions of the United States.
Common Names
White four o'clock is also known by several other common names, including white beauty, dusty miller, and white umbrella plant.
Uses
The plant has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for various purposes, including treating fever, headaches, and skin infections. The roots of the plant are rich in tannins and have antibacterial properties, making them effective in preventing infections. Apart from this, the plant is also grown for ornamental purposes, adding elegance to gardens and landscapes.
General Appearance
The Mirabilis albida plant is a herbaceous perennial that grows up to a height of 30-60 cm. It is characterized by its large, oval-shaped leaves that are bright green in color. The leaves have prominent veins and are arranged in an alternate pattern on the stem. The flowers of the plant are trumpet-shaped and bloom during the late summer and early fall. The flowers are white in color and grow in clusters on the top of stems. The plant produces a small, fleshy fruit that contains several seeds.
Light Requirements
Mirabilis albida grows well in full sun to partial shade conditions. It requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day. In low light conditions, the plant grows slowly, and the colors of its flowers become less vibrant. Therefore, it is essential to provide adequate light to promote healthy growth and blooming.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to the subtropical regions of the United States and can withstand high temperatures. It prefers temperatures between 60°F to 90°F but can tolerate temperatures as high as 100°F. At lower temperatures, the growth of the plant slows down, and flowers drop prematurely. Therefore, it is important to maintain warm temperatures to promote active growth and blooming.
Soil Requirements
Mirabilis albida requires well-drained soil to grow properly. It can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil but prefers a neutral pH (6.5 - 7.5). The soil should be fertile, rich in organic matter and nutrients, and moist but not waterlogged. If the soil is heavy, it should be amended with sand or perlite to improve drainage. The plant is not very tolerant of drought, and its growth can suffer if the soil is too dry. Therefore, it is essential to water it regularly and maintain soil moisture levels.
Cultivation Methods
Mirabilis albida is a hardy plant that grows well in full sun or partial shade. It prefers loamy soil that is well-draining and moist. The plant can be propagated through seeds or cuttings and should be planted in spring. The ideal temperature for planting is between 60 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit.
Watering Needs
The plant requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. Water the plant deeply once or twice a week to ensure the roots receive sufficient moisture. However, be careful not to overwater the plant, as it can lead to root rot and other diseases. Watering early in the day is recommended to allow the plant to dry off before nightfall.
Fertilization
To grow and thrive, Mirabilis albida requires occasional fertilization. Use a balanced fertilizer that is high in nitrogen to promote healthy growth. Fertilize the plant once every two to three weeks during the growing season. However, be sure not to over-fertilize the plant, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth and fewer blooms.
Pruning
Mirabilis albida requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and size. Deadheading the spent blooms will encourage the plant to produce more flowers. Additionally, pruning can be done in the early spring to promote new growth and a fuller appearance. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches to maintain the plant's health.
Propagation of Mirabilis albida
Mirabilis albida (Walt.) Heimerl, commonly known as white four o'clocks, is a plant species that produces fragrant white flowers. It is a perennial plant that is native to the Southeastern United States. There are several ways to propagate this plant, including seed propagation, division, and cutting propagation.
Seed Propagation
One of the most common ways to propagate Mirabilis albida is through seed propagation. The best time to sow seeds is in the spring or early summer after the last frost. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mix about ½ inch deep and 1 inch apart. The pot or tray should be kept in a warm and sunny location, and the soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination can take up to two weeks.
Division
Mirabilis albida can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections and replanting them. The best time to divide the plant is in the spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing. The root ball should be carefully separated into several sections using a sharp, sterile knife. Each section should have several stems and a healthy root system. The sections can then be replanted in a well-draining soil mix and watered thoroughly.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is also a viable method of propagating Mirabilis albida. This method involves taking a cutting of a healthy stem and rooting it in a well-draining soil mix. The cutting should be about 4 inches long and have several leaves. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in the soil. The soil should be kept moist, and the cutting should be placed in a warm and sunny location. The cutting should root within a few weeks.
Overall, Mirabilis albida is an easy plant to propagate using any of the methods described above. By following these propagation methods, gardeners can quickly and easily create new plants to add to their gardens or give away to friends and family.
Disease Management
Like any other plant species, Mirabilis albida is subject to a range of diseases. The most common diseases affecting Mirabilis albida include:
- Root rot: This disease is often caused by overwatering or soil-borne pathogens. To manage this disease, reduce watering frequency and avoid top watering. Use well-draining soil and sterilize tools and soil before replanting.
- Leaf spots: Leaf spot diseases are often caused by fungi or bacteria. Symptoms include brown or black spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and prune affected branches. Use a fungicide or bactericide, if necessary.
- Powdery mildew: This disease is characterized by a white, powdery substance on the leaves. It is caused by a fungal pathogen. To manage this disease, use a fungicide and avoid overhead watering.
Pest Management
Mirabilis albida is also prone to insect pests. The most common pests that attack Mirabilis albida include:
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that usually feed on the underside of leaves. They can weaken the plant and transmit plant viruses. Manage them by spraying with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or release of beneficial insects like ladybugs.
- Spider mites: They are tiny, sap-sucking pests that cause bronzing or yellowing of leaves. Manage them by spraying with a strong jet of water or insecticidal soap or release of the predatory mites.
- Thrips: These pests cause black streaks and distorted leaves. Manage them by spraying with insecticidal soap or releasing beneficial insects like lacewings or minute pirate bugs.
