Overview of Mimusops angolensis Engl.
Mimusops angolensis Engl. is a woody plant species native to tropical Africa. The species belongs to the family Sapotaceae, which is a family of flowering plants comprising 800 species. The plant is commonly known by various names, including Green Milkwood, Umbangalala, Mukula, or Mununga.
Plant Appearance
Mimusops angolensis EngI. grows as a medium-sized tree, ranging from 10 to 20 meters tall. The tree has a smooth gray bark with a yellowish underlayer that peels off in flakes. The leaves of the plant are simple, alternate, and glossy, ranging from obscurely elliptical to obovate-oblong in shape. The leaves are usually dense, with a distinctive midrib and a sparsely to densely hairy underside. The plant also has clusters of tiny yellowish-green flowers that appear from November to April.
Plant Usefulness
The bark and leaves of Mimusops angolensis Engl. are widely used for medicinal purposes, including the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea, ulcers, and dysentery. Additionally, the plant's leaves and stem bark are used as a natural remedy for malaria treatment, toothache, and as a purgative. Its timber is used for various purposes, including construction, domestic implements, and firewood. The fruit of the Mimusops angolensis Engl. plant is also edible and is used as an ingredient in traditional cuisine.
Growth Conditions for Mimusops angolensis Engl.
Mimusops angolensis Engl. commonly known as the Angola cherry is a tropical evergreen plant that requires specific growth conditions to thrive. Here are some guidelines to help create the ideal environment for this plant:
Light Requirements
The Angola cherry requires full sun to partial shade to grow. Therefore, it is ideal to place the plant in a location where it receives bright light for about 4-6 hours through the day. Ensure that it is not exposed to direct sunlight for an extended period as it can cause leaf burn and affect the growth of the plant.
Temperature Requirements
Mimusops angolensis prefers a warm environment. It thrives in temperatures within the range of 21-32 °C (70-90°F). It is ideal to keep the plant in a location with regulated temperature, avoiding extreme temperature changes and frost.
Soil Requirements
The Angola cherry prefers well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A pH of 6.0-7.0 is ideal for this plant, and it thrives in soil with high nutrient content. The plant is sensitive to salty soil. Therefore, ensure that the soil used is not salty, and nutrients are added regularly to provide the necessary minerals.
By providing the ideal growth conditions of light, temperature, and soil, you can help the Angola cherry to thrive and yield a bountiful harvest.
Cultivation Methods
Mimusops angolensis Engl. is a tree species that is widely cultivated across different regions of Africa. It can be propagated through seeds and cuttings. For the best results, consider using seedlings obtained from a well-established nursery.
The ideal location for planting Mimusops angolensis Engl. is in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The plant thrives in full sun conditions and requires a minimum temperature of 20°C to grow optimally. When planting, ensure adequate spacing between the plants to prevent overcrowding and competition for nutrients.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is crucial for the growth and development of Mimusops angolensis Engl. The plant requires adequate water during the establishment phase. After that, it can withstand mild drought conditions. However, it is essential to water it regularly, especially during prolonged dry spells.
Avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to waterlogging and root rot. Ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged. The best time to water is early morning or late evening when the plant is not exposed to direct sunlight.
Fertilization
Fertilization helps to promote the growth and development of Mimusops angolensis Engl. In areas with poor soils, consider applying organic fertilizers such as compost or well-decomposed manure to the soil. The best time to apply fertilizers is early in the growing season when the plant is actively growing.
Avoid applying excess nitrogen fertilizers as they can promote the growth of leaves at the expense of flowering and fruiting. It is, therefore, essential to adjust the fertilizer composition to suit the plant's needs.
Pruning
Pruning helps to maintain the plant's shape and size, promote good health, and maximize yields. For Mimusops angolensis Engl., pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before the onset of new growth.
Start by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Also, remove any suckers that emerge from the base of the plant. Prune the remaining branches to promote good air circulation and light penetration. Avoid over-pruning as it can weaken the plant and reduce yields.
Propagation of Mimusops angolensis Engl.
Mimusops angolensis Engl., also known as the Red milkwood or Umbangula, can be propagated using various methods such as seed propagation, cuttings, and suckers.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method for propagating Mimusops angolensis Engl. The ideal time to collect seeds is during fall when the tree drops its fruits. Collect fresh seeds and clean them by removing the arils. Scarify the seeds by soaking them in water for 24 hours to soften the hard coat. After scarification, sow the seeds in a well-prepared seedbed that is moist and well-draining. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and mulch. Germination takes between 30 to 60 days, and the seedlings can be transplanted to their permanent location when they are about a year old.
Cuttings Propagation
Cuttings propagation is another method that is used to propagate Mimusops angolensis Engl., especially in areas where seeds are scarce. Collect semi-hardwood cuttings from the current season's growth and make sure they are about 15-20 cm long. Remove the leaves from the bottom two-thirds of the cutting and dip the cut end into rooting hormone powder. Plant the cuttings in a well-drained potting mix and cover with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. Place the pot in a warm and well-lit place that receives indirect sunlight. Rooting should occur within six to eight weeks, and the rooted cuttings can be transplanted to their permanent location after about six months.
Suckers Propagation
Mimusops angolensis Engl. can also be propagated through suckers. Suckers are young shoots that emerge from the base of the plant. To propagate using suckers, dig out the young shoots and cut them away from the main plant using a sharp knife. Plant the suckers in a well-drained soil mix and water regularly. The suckers will develop roots and can be transplanted to their permanent location after about a year.
Disease and Pest Management for Mimusops angolensis Engl.
Mimusops angolensis Engl., commonly known as the Angola cherry, is a tropical tree that grows in the warm regions of Africa. While the tree is relatively disease and pest-resistant, it is still important to monitor for potential issues.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that can affect Mimusops angolensis is anthracnose, a fungal infection that attacks leaves, stems, and fruit. Symptoms of anthracnose can include brown or black spots on leaves or fruits and in severe cases, defoliation. To manage anthracnose, it is important to keep the area around the tree free of debris and to remove any infected parts immediately. Fungicides can also be applied to prevent the spread of the disease.
Another potential disease that can impact Mimusops angolensis is powdery mildew, which is caused by a fungus that appears as a white or gray coating on leaves and stems. Mildew thrives in humid environments and can be controlled by pruning affected parts and using fungicidal sprays.
Common Pests
Mimusops angolensis is also susceptible to a few pest species including the African bollworm, which can cause damage to the fruit. The caterpillar larvae of this moth feed on the fruit pulp and can cause significant damage if left unchecked. To manage bollworm, it is important to handpick affected fruit and destroy any nearby larvae. Pesticides can also be used to control infestations.
The tree is also vulnerable to mealybugs, small insects that suck on the sap and cause the leaves to curl and wilt. To manage mealybugs, it is important to regularly inspect the tree for colonies and remove them manually. Neem oil and insecticidal soap can be applied as a natural alternative to pesticides.
Conclusion
In summary, while Mimusops angolensis is generally considered a hardy species, it is important to regularly inspect for potential diseases and pest infestations. By staying vigilant and taking action when necessary, it is possible to keep the tree healthy and strong.
