Origin and Common Names
Microthlaspi perfoliatum (L.) F.K. Mey., commonly referred to as perfoliate penny-cress, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. It is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, and has been introduced to North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
Uses
Perfoliate penny-cress has been traditionally used in folk medicine for its diuretic, antiphlogistic, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the plant has been used as a source of food and forage, and has been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments such as asthma, coughs, and wounds.
General Appearance
Perfoliate penny-cress is an annual herb that grows up to 60 cm in height. The leaves are oblong-lanceolate and are clasping, meaning they completely surround the stem. The plant produces small, white flowers that bloom in the summer. The fruit is a short, broadly obcordate silicle that holds tiny seeds.
The plant grows in various habitat types such as meadows, roadsides, fields, and waste areas. It is also tolerant of various soil types and can survive in both moist and dry conditions. Perfoliate penny-cress is a common weed in many areas and is often considered a nuisance plant due to its aggressive spreading and interference with agriculture and natural habitats.
Light requirements:
Microthlaspi perfoliatum requires full sun to part shade for optimal growth. It can tolerate some shade but may become leggy and weak with decreased light levels. In areas with hot summers, it may benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent drying out or wilting.
Temperature requirements:
This plant species can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but prefers cool to moderately warm temperatures. The ideal growing temperature range is 15-25°C (59-77°F). It can withstand frost and freezing temperatures down to -15°C (5°F).
Soil requirements:
Microthlaspi perfoliatum grows well in a well-draining, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (6.0-7.5). It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy or clay soils and can survive in poor, dry soils with low fertility. However, it prefers soils that are rich in organic matter and nutrients, and moist but not waterlogged.
Cultivation Methods
Microthlaspi perfoliatum, commonly known as "perfoliate penny-cress," is an excellent plant for beginners as it is easy to cultivate. It can thrive in a variety of growing conditions and is adaptable to different types of soil. It is a cold-hardy plant that can survive frost and snow, making it a popular choice for fall and winter gardening.
The best time to sow the seeds of Microthlaspi perfoliatum is in early spring when the soil is moist and has a temperature of about 65 to 75°F. The plant requires full sunlight to bloom, so select an area that receives at least six hours of sunlight daily.
Watering Needs
The perfoliate penny-cress is a relatively drought-resistant plant and does not require a lot of water. It is essential to keep the soil moist during the seedling stage, so water the plant regularly for the first few weeks after planting. Once established, the plant can tolerate drought, but it may yield better results if you water it regularly.
Fertilization
Micrthlaspi perfoliatum is not a heavy feeder and does not require a lot of fertilization. However, it would be best to add well-rotted organic matter to the soil to enhance its fertility before planting. You can use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10, or an organic fertilizer, to provide the plant with vital nutrients. Use the fertilizer sparingly, following the manufacturer's instructions, as over-fertilization can harm the plant.
Pruning
Microthlaspi perfoliatum does not require regular pruning as it is a small plant that grows up to a maximum height of 12 inches. However, you can pinch back the growing tips of the plant when it reaches a height of 6 inches to encourage fuller growth. You can also remove any dead or damaged leaves and stems to keep the plant tidy and promote healthy growth.
Propagation of Microthlaspi perfoliatum
Microthlaspi perfoliatum, commonly known as "thoroughwort penny-cress," is a fast-growing, cool-season annual plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. This species is found in various habitats, including fields, meadows, roadsides, and disturbed areas. It is naturalized in North America and has become an invasive weed in some regions. Propagation of Microthlaspi perfoliatum can be done through different methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method of propagating Microthlaspi perfoliatum. The seeds are small, light-brown, and oval-shaped. They can be sown directly in the soil in early spring or fall. Seeds should be sown 1/8 inch deep and spaced about 3 inches apart. The soil should be well-draining and moist, but not waterlogged. Seed germination occurs within 7-14 days.
Cutting Propagation
Microthlaspi perfoliatum can be propagated through stem cuttings. Select healthy stems and cut 3-4 inch sections with a clean, sharp blade. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in well-draining soil and keep it moist. Provide shade and protect the cutting from direct sunlight until it develops roots. Rooting can take up to 2-3 weeks. Once roots have developed, the cutting can be transplanted to a individual pot or directly in the garden.
Division Propagation
Division propagation can also be done with Microthlaspi perfoliatum, but it is not commonly used. Divide the plant in the spring or fall, ensuring each division has roots and at least one healthy stem. Plant each division in well-draining soil and keep it moist. Provide shade and protect the dividing plant from direct sunlight until it starts growing.
Disease Management
Microthlaspi perfoliatum, also known as the clasping twisted-sheath, is susceptible to various diseases that can significantly affect its growth and productivity. Some of the most common diseases that might affect this plant include:
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes dark, sunken lesions on the stem and leaves. It can lead to severe defoliation and stunted growth. The best way to manage anthracnose is to remove infected plant debris and avoid overhead watering.
- Downy Mildew: This disease causes yellowing and wilting of the leaves. It can spread quickly in cool and moist conditions. To manage downy mildew, use a fungicide that contains copper or sulfur.
- Root Rot: This disease can be caused by various fungi and oomycetes. It causes the roots to rot, leading to stunted growth and wilting. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil and avoid overwatering.
Pest Management
Microthlaspi perfoliatum can also be attacked by various pests that can significantly damage the plant. Some of the most common pests that might affect this plant include:
- Aphids: These small insects can distort the leaves, stunt growth, and spread plant viruses. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
- Leaf Miners: These tiny larvae feed on the plant tissue, causing damage to the leaves. To manage leaf miners, use insecticidal soap or neem oil or introduce natural predators such as parasitic wasps.
- Spider Mites: These tiny arachnids can cause yellowing and drying of the leaves. To manage spider mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil or introduce natural predators such as predatory mites and ladybugs.
Overall, the best way to manage diseases and pests in Microthlaspi perfoliatum is to maintain proper growing conditions such as well-draining soil, proper watering, and good air circulation. Additionally, proper sanitation practices such as removing infected plant debris can help prevent the spread of diseases.
