Origin
Microtea polystachya (Turcz.) N.E.Br. is a plant species that is native to Southern Africa. It is believed to have originated from the Cape Province of South Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known by different names across the countries where it is found. In South Africa, it is commonly referred to as "Loodswajel" in Afrikaans and "iQunga lezingane" in Zulu. In Zimbabwe, it is called "Gunungo" in Shona, and "Mucuwi" in Chichewa.
General Appearance
Microtea polystachya is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to a height of 30 to 70 cm. It has a woody stem, and its leaves are green, oval-shaped and have a glossy surface. The plant produces small white flowers that are arranged in clusters on a spike. The spike can be up to 15 cm long and contains many small flowers. The plant has a strong aroma, which is often used to ward off insects and pests.
Uses
Microtea polystachya has several medicinal properties and is often used in traditional medicine. The plant is believed to have pain-relieving properties and is often used to alleviate headaches and muscle pains. The plant has also been used to relieve digestive problems such as stomach aches, diarrhea, and constipation. In addition to its medicinal properties, the plant is also used in cooking to flavor food. Its strong aroma makes it an excellent ingredient in soups and stews.
Light Requirements
Microtea polystachya generally thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves, and too much shade can inhibit growth. A location with filtered light is ideal for this plant. It can be placed near a north-facing window or a window covered with a sheer curtain that limits the intensity of sunlight. In the wild, the plant grows under a canopy of trees, where it receives dappled light.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Microtea polystachya is between 18°C and 25°C. The plant can withstand lower temperatures, but prolonged exposure to frost can damage or kill it. The plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions, where temperatures remain relatively constant throughout the year. If the temperature plummets, it is advisable to move the plant to a warmer area. Microtea polystachya can also tolerate higher temperatures, but it may require more frequent watering in hot weather.
Soil Requirements
Microtea polystachya prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. The soil should be enriched with organic matter such as peat moss, compost, or manure. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soil, so the pot or container should have drainage holes to allow excess water to escape. A soil mix that includes perlite or sand can improve drainage. It is also recommended to use a porous potting mix that promotes air circulation around the roots.
Cultivation Methods
Microtea polystachya, commonly known as Creeping Charlie, is a herbaceous plant that can grow in various conditions, including full sun to partial shade. It prefers a well-draining soil with a balanced pH of 6.0-7.5. The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings, division or seeds. Plant them in a pot or directly in the soil, ensuring that the soil is moist and the plant gets enough space to climb and spread.
Watering Needs
Creeping Charlie needs regular watering to keep the soil moist, but not overly saturated. Ensure that the plant is drained well after watering to avoid root rot. During the growing season, water the plant once or twice a week, depending on the soil moisture. In winter, reduce watering to once a month or when the soil gets dry.
Fertilization
To promote growth and encourage blooming, you can feed the Creeping Charlie with a balanced fertilizer every two weeks during the growing season. You can also use organic fertilizers that are rich in nitrogen and phosphorus. Always follow the instructions on the label and avoid applying too much fertilizer, which can lead to root burn and other plant problems.
Pruning
The Creeping Charlie can spread quickly, so regular pruning is necessary to keep it manageable. Trimming back the stems helps to promote branching and denser foliage. Deadheading, i.e., removing spent flowers and seeds together with some stem, enhances blooming and prevents seed dispersal. You can also prune the plant to shape and size that best fits your desired look and purpose.
Propagation of Microtea Polystachya
Microtea polystachya (Turcz.) N.E.Br., commonly known as the African Blue Basil, is an herbaceous perennial plant that can be propagated through various methods.
Propagation through Seeds
Propagation through seeds is an easy and convenient method to create new microtea polystachya plants. The best time to sow the seeds is in spring or summer when the temperature is warm and favorable for the germination process.
To plant the seeds, prepare a well-drained potting mix with peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite. Make small holes in the soil, place the seeds into the holes and cover them with a thin layer of soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and put the pot in a warm location with bright light. The seeds should start to germinate within two weeks.
Propagation through Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is a quicker way to propagate microtea polystachya. It involves taking the stem cuttings from an existing plant and planting them to create new plants. This method is best done in spring or summer.
To propagate through cuttings, cut off a stem from the plant about six inches in length. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end into rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting into the prepared potting mix and make sure it is secure. Place the pot in a warm location with bright light and keep the soil moist. The roots should start to grow within a few weeks.
Propagation through Division
Propagation through division is another method used to propagate microtea polystachya. It involves dividing an existing plant into smaller parts and planting them, causing new growth to occur. This method is best done in early spring.
To propagate through division, gently remove the plant from the pot and separate the root system into smaller parts. Make sure each part has some roots attached. Transplant each part into the prepared potting mix and make sure it is secure. Place the pot in a warm location with bright light and keep the soil moist.
Propagation of microtea polystachya can be done through seeds, cuttings, or division. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but they are all efficient and reliable ways to create new plants. Choose the method that suits your needs and preferences best.
Disease and Pest Management for Microtea polystachya (Turcz.) N.E.Br.
Microtea polystachya (Turcz.) N.E.Br., commonly known as bush tea, is a hardy plant and is relatively free from pests and diseases. However, in some cases, the plant might experience certain problems.
Common diseases
One of the most common diseases affecting Microtea polystachya is leaf spot. The disease is characterized by the presence of small, circular, dark spots on the leaves. The spots may coalesce forming larger lesions, causing the leaves to wither and fall off. To manage leaf spot, the affected parts should be removed and destroyed immediately. Fungicides can also be applied to control the disease, but prevention is the best solution. This can be achieved by ensuring good ventilation, avoiding overhead watering, and providing adequate spacing between plants.
Common pests
Aphids can attack Microtea polystachya, causing yellowing and curling of leaves. The pests secrete a sticky residue called honeydew, which attracts sooty mold. To control aphids, one can use insecticidal soaps or neem oil. Ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps are natural predators of aphids and can also be introduced in the garden.
Caterpillars are another common pest that can feed on Microtea polystachya leaves and cause defoliation. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an effective biological control measure that can be used against caterpillars. It is a natural and safe way to manage pests.
Conclusion
Prevention is an essential aspect of disease and pest management. Providing adequate water, nutrients, and spacing, as well as removing diseased plant parts, can go a long way in preventing diseases and pests from attacking Microtea polystachya. Using natural methods of pest control, such as introducing predatory insects or using Bacillus thuringiensis, is also preferred over the use of chemical pesticides.
