Overview of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre, commonly known as pau santo or black gold, is a species of evergreen tree native to the tropical rainforests of South America. It belongs to the Sapotaceae family and is closely related to the sapodilla and the mamey sapote.
General Appearance of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is a small to medium-sized tree that can grow up to 10-20 meters in height. It has a straight trunk that can reach up to 50 centimeters in diameter, with a rough, scaly bark that is brownish-gray in color. The leaves are simple, leathery, glossy, and elliptical in shape, with a bright green color that turns reddish-bronze before falling.
The flowers of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre are small, inconspicuous, and greenish-yellow in color. The fruits are ovoid or ellipsoid drupes that are 2-3 centimeters in diameter, with a hard, woody shell that is rough and dark brown in color when mature. The flesh of the fruit is yellowish-white or orange, juicy, and sweet, with a flavor similar to that of the sapodilla.
Uses of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is used for a variety of purposes in South America. The wood is hard, heavy, and durable, and is used for construction, furniture, and tool handles. The resin of the tree is collected and used as a varnish, and the bark is used for tanning leather. The fruit is edible and is often eaten fresh or made into jams and juices.
Medicinally, the bark and leaves of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre are used in traditional medicine to treat fever, stomach problems, and respiratory infections. The resin is used to heal wounds and skin irritations. The plant also has cultural significance, and its bark and resin are used in shamanic rituals in some indigenous communities.
Light Requirements
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre requires a significant amount of direct sunlight for optimal growth. They should be placed in an area with at least 6 hours of sunlight per day. Insufficient light can lead to stunted growth and weak branches.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but they thrive best in warm to hot temperatures. The ideal temperature range for Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is between 70°F - 85°F (21°C - 29°C). They can tolerate temperature drops down to 50°F (10°C) for short periods but should not be exposed to below-freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
The soil for Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre should be well-draining and pH-balanced with a pH range of 5.5-7.5. The soil should be moderately fertile, with a good balance of organic matter and nutrients. A recommended mix is equal parts sand, peat moss, and perlite. It's best to avoid heavy clay or compacted soils as they can impede proper root growth, leading to poor overall growth and development of the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre, also known as "golden leaf tree," is a tropical plant that thrives in warm, humid environments. It is commonly found in rainforests and can be grown both outdoors and indoors. When planting outdoors, ensure that the soil is fertile and well-draining. Plant the tree in a spot that receives partial shade as too much direct sunlight may harm the plant. When growing indoors, provide a well-draining potting mix and ensure that the plant receives adequate sunshine. The ideal temperature for optimal growth is between 65-85°F.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of the Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre vary based on the growing conditions. For plants grown outdoors, the plant should be watered deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out partially between watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot. For indoor plants, ensure the soil remains moist, but not soggy. Water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch.
Fertilization
Fertilizing the Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is essential to keep the plant healthy and thriving. During the growing season, feed the plant with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every two weeks. It is advisable to apply the fertilizer to damp soil to prevent root damage. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant period as it may cause damage to the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to maintain the shape and size of the Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre. Prune the plant during the dormant period, i.e., late fall or early winter. Remove any dead or diseased branches and discard them. Trim back any overgrown branches to promote fuller growth. Remember to sterilize the pruning tools in between cuts using rubbing alcohol to prevent the spread of disease.
Propagation of Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is a tropical tree that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. It is native to Southeast Asia and is commonly found in the Philippines and Thailand. Propagation of this plant is done through seeds, cuttings, and grafting.
Propagation by Seeds
The easiest and most common way to propagate Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is by seeds. Seeds can be collected from ripe fruits, which are usually available during the months of June to November. To ensure successful germination, seeds should be soaked in water for around 24 hours before sowing them in a well-draining potting mix. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist but not wet. Germination usually takes around 2 to 3 months, and the seedlings should be kept in a warm and humid place, away from direct sunlight.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is also possible, but it requires more care and attention. Cuttings should be taken from mature and healthy branches during the summer months. The cuttings should be around 10 to 15 cm long and should have at least two nodes. The bottom node should be buried in a well-draining potting mix, and the cutting should be kept moist but not wet. A plastic bag can be placed over the cutting to increase humidity. Rooting usually takes around 4 to 6 weeks, after which the cutting can be transplanted to a bigger pot or directly to the ground.
Propagation by Grafting
Propagation by grafting is the most difficult and advanced method of propagating Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre. It is usually done to maintain the desirable characteristics of the parent plant. The scion should be taken from a mature and healthy plant, and the rootstock should be a seedling from the same species. The two should be grafted together using a sharp and sterile knife, and the graft union should be wrapped tightly with grafting tape. The grafted plant should be kept in a warm and humid place until the graft union is fully healed.
Whichever method of propagation is chosen, it is important to give Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre proper care and attention to ensure its success. Whether you're growing this plant from seeds, cuttings, or grafting, the result will be a beautiful and lush tropical tree that will bring life to any garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre
Micropholis chrysophylloides Pierre is a tropical tree species commonly found in the Amazonian region. Despite being relatively hardy, this plant is prone to several pest and disease problems that can adversely affect its growth and yield. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them.
Pest Management
Several types of pests can infest M. chrysophylloides which include:
Scale Insects
Scale insects can cause damage to leaves by sucking the sap out of them. Scale insects are usually found on the undersides of leaves and form a waxy covering that protects them from insecticidal sprays. To manage scale insects, use a soft brush or cotton swab dipped in alcohol to wipe them off the affected leaves.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars feed on the leaves of M. chrysophylloides, causing defoliation. Natural predators such as birds can help control caterpillars, but in severe infestations, the use of insecticidal sprays may be necessary.
Disease Management
M. chrysophylloides are also prone to several diseases, such as:
Leaf Spot Disease
Leaf spot disease is characterized by small, circular spots on the leaves that may appear water-soaked. Fungicides such as copper compounds may help control the spread of this disease. However, the best approach is to prevent leaf spot disease by removing and destroying infected leaves and avoiding overhead watering.
Root Rot Disease
Root rot disease is caused by soil-borne fungi that attack the plant's roots. Signs of root rot disease include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. Improved drainage and proper watering practices can help prevent root rot disease. In severe cases, the use of fungicides may help control the disease.
Overall, effective pest and disease management for M. chrysophylloides requires prevention and early detection. Regular monitoring and prompt action can help prevent an infestation from getting out of control and lead to a healthy and productive plant.
