Origin:
Microholmesia parva, also known as P.J.Cribb, is a terrestrial orchid which is endemic to Kenya in East Africa.
Common Names:
The plant is commonly known as the Small Microholmesia and is referred to as "Orchidaceae microholmesia" by the locals.
Appearance:
Microholmesia parva grows up to a height of 8 to 15 cm and has thin roots. It is similar in appearance to the Orchis simia, but it can be distinguished by the yellow-green flowers, which are shorter and have broader lip surfaces. The plant produces around 10 leaves that are almost basal, small, and greenish-brown.
The stem appears to be a purple-brown color and is usually covered in over 10 small flowers, each with a diameter of 6-7 mm. The lip is ovate with a wider end and a pruinose surface that is pale yellow with red-brown spots. The sepals and the petals of the flowers are quite similar, but you can differentiate them by the size of the central lobe.
Uses:
The uses of Microholmesia parva are not known as they aren't primarily cultivated or widely recognized, but they are related to other orchids used for herbal medicine, like Anoectrochilus sikkimensis, which serves as a natural treatment for heat stroke and tuberculosis.
These terrestrial orchids usually grow in fungal associations; hence you might find them in the root zone of other plants, which automatically creates natural habitats for some organisms. They have a mutual relationship between the host plant and fungi, which is why they usually aren't sold in markets or used as houseplants. Nevertheless, if grown properly, you can enjoy the plant's beautiful flowers and add some interest to your garden or terrarium.
Light Requirements
Microholmesia parva typically grows in bright, filtered light. It prefers shading from direct sunlight, but will not survive in deep shade. Ideally, it should receive approximately 50-70% of sunlight. Artificial light can be used to supplement natural light, but it should not be the only source of light.
Temperature Requirements
Maintaining a consistent temperature is crucial for the growth of Microholmesia parva. The ideal temperature range is between 18°C to 27°C. Temperatures lower or higher than this range can cause stunted growth or even death. Avoid exposing the plant to sudden temperature drops or drafts, as it can weaken the plant and make it more susceptible to pests and diseases.
Soil Requirements
Microholmesia parva thrives in a well-draining soil mix that retains enough moisture to prevent drying out. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and a small amount of bark or charcoal is recommended. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, ideally between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant should be repotted every one to two years with fresh soil, as it exhausts the nutrients in its soil and eventually outgrows its container.
Cultivation Methods for Microholmesia Parva
Microholmesia parva is an epiphytic orchid that grows on rocks, trees, or other plants. It thrives in a humid environment and requires bright, indirect light. The plant is hardy and can be grown indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate.
Watering Needs for Microholmesia Parva
The watering schedule for Microholmesia parva needs to be consistent but not excessive. The plant should be watered once a week during the growing season, and less frequently during the dormant season. The best way to water this plant is to thoroughly soak the roots and leave it to drain before returning it to its growing spot.
Fertilization of Microholmesia Parva
Microholmesia parva should be fertilized every two weeks, using a balanced orchid formula. It is best to dilute the fertilizer to half strength and apply it to the leaves and roots of the plant. The fertilization frequency can be adjusted based on the environment in which the plant is grown.
Pruning of Microholmesia Parva
Pruning is usually not required for Microholmesia parva. However, it is essential to remove any yellowing or damaged leaves as soon as possible as they can cause the spread of diseases. Avoid cutting the flower spikes until they have completely dried out to prevent damage to the new growth.
Propagation of Microholomesia parva
Microholomesia parva is a terrestrial orchid that is native to Madagascar. Propagation is the process of creating new plants from existing ones. There are two common methods of propagating Microholomesia parva, namely:
Propagation through Division
Microholomesia parva can be propagated through division, which involves separating the plant into smaller sections. This can be done when the plant has outgrown its container or when it has developed multiple growth points. To propagate through division, carefully remove the plant from its pot and gently separate the roots into sections. Each section should contain at least one growth point and a few healthy roots. Plant each section in a separate pot filled with moist orchid mix and place them in a shaded area.
Propagation through Seedlings
Propagation through seedlings is another method of propagating Microholomesia parva. This method requires a considerable amount of patience and expertise, as the plant is slow-growing. Collect the seed capsule when they are mature and sow them in a pot filled with a mixture of sphagnum moss and chopped coconut husk. Cover the pot with a plastic bag and place it in a warm, humid area with filtered light. Keep the soil moist by misting the pot regularly. It may take several months for the seeds to germinate, and it may take several years for the seedlings to reach blooming size.
Disease Management
The plant Microholmesia parva is vulnerable to certain diseases that can affect plant growth and yield. Common diseases that may affect the plant include leaf spot, powdery mildew, and fungal infections. To manage these diseases, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene by removing all diseased leaves and branches. Also, ensure proper ventilation and reduce the moisture level around the plant.
If you notice signs of leaf spot on the plant, remove all infected leaves, and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread. Powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying a solution of baking soda and water on the affected areas. Alternatively, use neem oil to control mildew and other fungal infections.
Pest Management
Pests can also be a threat to the health of Microholmesia parva. Common pests that may attack the plant include aphids, spider mites, and mealybugs. To manage these pests, start by removing the infested parts of the plant and wash the leaves with a mild soap solution. Repeat the process after a few days to ensure all pests are eliminated.
Another way to control pests is to introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps. These insects feed on pests and help to keep the plant population under control.
Finally, you can use organic pesticides like pyrethrins and insecticidal soap to manage pest infestation. However, do not use chemical pesticides as they may harm the plant and beneficial insects.
