Overview
Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Copeland is a fern species that belongs to the family Polypodiaceae. It is commonly known as the creeping net fern or lycopod fern due to its resemblance to the Lycopodiaceae family of plants. This plant is primarily native to the tropical regions of the Americas and can be found in countries like Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Mexico.
General Appearance
The Microgramma lycopodioides plant is a small, creeping fern that reaches a height of approximately 20cm. Its fronds are bright green, glossy, and triangular in shape, with fringed edges. The plant features horizontal stolons that produce roots and new fronds, allowing it to spread outwards and form large colonies. It also has a rhizome that grows horizontally close to the ground, and its slender roots emerge from the rhizome.
Uses
The Microgramma lycopodioides plant has various uses in traditional medicine across its native regions. In Peru, a decoction of the plant is used to treat hepatitis, while in Ecuador, it is used as a remedy for headaches. The Tarahumara people of Mexico use its stems to treat fractures and dislocations. Additionally, the plant is often used as an ornamental houseplant for its attractive appearance and ease of care, as it can thrive in low-light conditions and is resistant to pests and diseases.
Cultivation
The Microgramma lycopodioides plant is a tropical fern that requires moist and humid conditions to grow best. It prefers partially shaded areas and well-draining soil that should be enriched with organic matter. It is often propagated by division, as it produces offsets that can be planted separately. Additionally, it can be grown from spores, but this method requires a higher level of skill and patience, as spore propagation is a slow process.
In conclusion, Microgramma lycopodioides is a fascinating plant species with various medicinal and ornamental uses. Its distinct appearance and easy care make it an attractive option for growers and enthusiasts alike.Light Requirements
Microgramma lycopodioides is a shade-loving plant that prefers low to moderate light conditions. Direct sunlight can scorch the delicate fronds, especially during the hottest hours of the day. The ideal location for this plant is under a tree canopy or near a window that receives filtered light. Artificial light can also suffice as long as the intensity and duration of the light are suitable for the plant's growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
Microgramma lycopodioides thrives in warm and humid conditions. The optimal temperature for this plant is between 18°C and 26°C (64°F to 79°F). Temperatures below 15.5°C (60°F) can stress the plant and even cause it to die. On the other hand, temperatures above 29°C (84°F) can lead to dehydration and wilting. It is crucial to maintain a stable temperature and avoid sudden fluctuations that can shock the plant and compromise its health.
Soil Requirements
Microgramma lycopodioides prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand can provide the ideal growing medium for this plant. The pH level of the soil should be slightly acidic, ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. It is essential to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. The plant also benefits from occasional fertilization with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods
Microgramma lycopodioides is a plant that thrives in a humid environment with bright, indirect sunlight. It is commonly grown as an indoor plant in a container with well-draining soil.
When planting this fern, ensure the container has enough drainage holes that allow the excess water to drain away. Fill the container with a soil mix of one part perlite and two parts peat moss.
This plant does well in temperatures between 60-80 °F. Keep it away from cold drafts to prevent damage to its fronds.
Watering Needs
Water your Microgramma lycopodioides fern regularly to keep the soil damp but not soaking wet. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely as it may lead to the plant drying out and its fronds turning brown or wilting.
The fern prefers distilled or rainwater as it is sensitive to chemicals found in tap water.
Fertilization
Fertilization helps improve the strength and growth rate of the fern. Fertilize your Microgramma lycopodioides plant monthly with liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength. Apply the fertilizer during the growing season, from March until August. Stop fertilization during the winter months when the plant is in dormancy.
Pruning
Microgramma lycopodioides produces new fronds from its center and sheds the old ones from the base. Pruning is not usually necessary unless you want to keep its size in check. You can trim the plant's fronds using clean pruning shears to remove any damaged or yellow leaves.
Trimming also encourages the fern to grow thicker and produce new fronds. Spring and summer are ideal times to prune the plant.
Propagation of Microgramma lycopodioides Plants
Microgramma lycopodioides plants can be propagated in several ways. These include:
Spores Propagation
The most common method of propagating Microgramma lycopodioides plants is through spore propagation. The spores are tiny, dust-like particles that are produced in the undersides of the leaves. To propagate Microgramma lycopodioides plants from spores, the spores need to be collected and sown on a suitable growing medium. The spores need to be kept moist and warm until they develop into small ferns.
Division of Rhizomes
Microgramma lycopodioides plants can also be propagated through division of the rhizomes. Rhizomes are modified stems that grow horizontally under the soil surface. To propagate Microgramma lycopodioides plants through division, carefully dig up the plant and divide the rhizomes into smaller sections, making sure that each section has a few fronds and roots. Replant the sections in suitable growing medium and water well.
Vegetative Propagation
Vegetative propagation can also be used to propagate Microgramma lycopodioides plants. This involves taking cuttings from the plant and rooting them in a suitable growing medium. The cuttings can be taken from the main stem or from the fronds. The cuttings should be around 2-3 inches long and should be planted in a suitable growing medium with good drainage. The cuttings should be kept moist and warm until they develop roots and begin to grow.
Care
Regardless of the propagation method used, Microgramma lycopodioides plants require adequate moisture and humidity to grow. They should be kept in bright, indirect sunlight with temperatures between 65°F and 75°F. Adequate air circulation is also important to prevent diseases.
Disease and Pest Management for Microgramma lycopodioides
Microgramma lycopodioides (L.) Copeland, commonly known as the Wavy Cloak Fern, is a beautiful and easy-to-grow plant that is not typically bothered by pests and diseases. However, like any plant, it is susceptible to certain issues. To maintain healthy and vibrant Wavy Cloak Ferns, it is essential to identify and manage any pests and diseases that may come your way.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases for Microgramma lycopodioides is fungal in nature, and the main culprits are botrytis and rhizoctonia. Botrytis is a fungal disease that can attack the foliage of the Wavy Cloak Fern and cause browning and spotting. Rhizoctonia, on the other hand, affects the roots and can cause stunting and wilting of the plant.
To manage both botrytis and rhizoctonia, it is essential to maintain proper garden hygiene. Ensure that the soil is well-drained and not overly wet, and avoid overwatering the plant, as this can lead to fungal growth. Also, remove any infected parts of the plant promptly. Fungicides can also be used to help control both botrytis and rhizoctonia, but they should be used sparingly and only in severe cases.
Common Pests
While pests rarely bother Microgramma lycopodioides, there are a few that can cause problems. Spider mites are a common pest that attacks the Wavy Cloak Fern, resulting in yellowing of the leaves and webbing on the plant. Mealybugs are another pest that can cause similar symptoms, such as yellowing and wilting of the foliage and the appearance of a white, waxy substance on the plant.
The best way to manage both spider mites and mealybugs is to catch them early. Regularly inspect your plant for any signs of webbing or waxy coatings, especially on the undersides of the leaves. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, can also be used to control infestations of spider mites and mealybugs. Alternatively, a mild insecticide or soap solution can be applied to the plant to help control the pests.
By taking proper care of your Microgramma lycopodioides, you can avoid most problems with pests and diseases. However, if you notice any issues, it is essential to identify and manage them promptly to maintain healthy and beautiful plants.
