Overview of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard, commonly known as "Ayaokpê" or "Akpi" is a member of the Microdesmidae family which is found in tropical Africa. It is a small shrub widely known for its medicinal properties and practical uses. It usually grows in the understorey of forests and thickets in the West African region, particularly in countries like Nigeria, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo.
General Appearance of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard
The plant is an erect, monoecious, herbaceous shrub that grows up to 2m in height. It has a woody base, long stems, and leaves that are alternate, ovate, and serrate. The flowers are small, greenish and occur on spikes. The plant produces a red fruit, which contains an oily seed. The seed has a characteristic almond flavor, which is utilized in a variety of culinary dishes.
Uses of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard has been utilized for medicinal purposes for years. The seeds are used traditionally as a natural remedy for treating gastric issues, asthma, coughs, rheumatism, and other ailments. The oil extracted from the seed is used for various cosmetic purposes, including moisturizing the skin, preventing wrinkles, and facilitating hair growth. The plant is also employed in folk medicine as an enhancer of fertility.
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard is a versatile plant with several practical uses. The oil extracted from the seed is a great substitute for the butter in local dishes. The plant is also used in the manufacture of soap, candles, and lubricants. The stem and leaves of the shrub provide a protective cover to the soil, prevent soil erosion, and foster soil fertility.
In conclusion, Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard is an essential plant with a unique aroma and flavors. It has tremendous health benefits and practical uses that make it an essential plant in the West African region.
Light Requirements
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard plant prefers a bright and filtered light, just below direct sunlight. It is ideal to place the plant in a location where it can receive a moderate amount of light. Placing it near a west-facing window is usually ideal as it can receive adequate sunlight without being scorched.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard plant is between 60 to 80°F (15 to 27°C). The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it is best to keep it away from cold drafts or excessively hot areas, such as near a heating vent or a window exposed to direct sunlight.
Soil Requirements
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard plant thrives in well-draining soils that retain moisture. The soil should be rich in organic matter but should not be waterlogged. A potting mix that is a mixture of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite is ideal for the Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard plant. It is essential to ensure that the soil is correctly aerated as the roots require oxygen for optimal growth.
Cultivation methods
The Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions. It is usually grown in a pot and can reach up to 1 meter in height when they are mature. It can also grow as an epiphyte on larger trees in their native habitat.
When re-potting, it's essential to use a well-draining soil mix. The plant should be planted at the same depth as it was in the previous pot. This species of plant requires bright but indirect light and can't tolerate exposure to the direct sun.
Watering needs
It's essential to maintain a consistent level of moisture in the soil of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard. The plant thrives when the soil is kept damp, but they can't tolerate being in waterlogged soil, which can cause root rot and fungal diseases.
A smart way to keep the soil moist, without making it waterlogged, is to insert a finger into the soil, and check the soil's moisture level. If it feels dry, add water until it comes out the bottom of the pot, but do not water until it's dry.
Fertilization
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard benefits from regular feeding with fertilizer. It should be fertilized with a balanced liquid fertilizer every two weeks. The fertilizer should be diluted to half the recommended strength. It's essential not to over-fertilize, and follow the instructions on the fertilizer package to achieve the best results.
Pruning
Regular pruning is an essential aspect of caring for Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard and is an excellent method for maintaining a good shape and size. It should be pruned regularly to remove dead leaves and any growth that looks weak or unhealthy. It's essential to use a clean and sharp tool since any torn or jagged cuts could cause damage to the plant. Trimming should be done in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.
Propagation of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard
Microdesmis pierlotiana J. Léonard is primarily propagated through seeds and stem cuttings. However, seed propagation is the most viable method as the plant is prone to root rot and slow to root when stem cuttings are used.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard requires extracting the seeds and removing any chaff. It is essential to scarify the seed coat and soak it in water for 24 to 48 hours before planting. Scarification involves wounding the seed coat to allow water and air to penetrate, resulting in faster and more uniform germination.
The seeds should be planted in a well-draining mixture of soil and sand in a pot or tray. The soil should be kept moist through regular watering, and the pot or tray should be kept in a warm, bright location but out of direct sunlight.
Germination of the seeds typically occurs 2-4 weeks after planting, and young plants should be transplanted into larger containers after the third or fourth set of leaves appears.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Propagation of Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard can also be done through stem cuttings. Cuttings approximately 5-10 cm long can be taken from the plant and planted in a propagation mix of peat and perlite. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in a rooting hormone before planting to promote rooting.
The cuttings should be kept in a warm, brightly lit location but not in direct sunlight. The soil should remain moist throughout the rooting process, which may take up to 6-8 weeks. Once the roots have established, the plant can be transplanted into a larger container with a suitable potting mix.
However, it is essential to note that this method is slow and less viable than seed propagation as the plant is prone to root rot and slow to root when stem cuttings are used.
Disease Management
Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard is a highly resistant plant that rarely suffers from any significant diseases. However, excessive moisture levels and poor drainage may lead to root rot, which can occur in the plant. To prevent this, the plant should be grown in well-draining soil and not overwatered. Any affected plants should be removed, and the soil should be treated with a fungicide for control.
Pest Management
Although Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard is generally resistant to pests, some pests may cause damage to the plant, such as spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs. Early detection and prompt action are crucial in pest control. Using neem oil or insecticidal soap can help in controlling these pests. Insecticides should be used as a last resort, as they can damage beneficial insects and affect the plant's health. Regular wiping of leaves with a damp cloth can help in preventing the infestation of spider mites and mealybugs.
In conclusion, by employing basic plant care practices such as proper drainage, good hygiene, and maintaining adequate plant health, the majority of pests and diseases that may affect Microdesmis pierlotiana J.Léonard can be prevented. Regular monitoring of the plant's health is essential, and prompt action should be taken at the first sign of any issues.
