Origin
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. belongs to the orchid family and is native to Africa, specifically found in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda. It grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa.
Common Names
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is commonly known as Dwarf Microcoelia and is also called the African Orchid.
Appearance
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is a small orchid that grows up to 10 to 15cm tall. It has small, thin, and elongated leaves and produces tiny white to pink flowers. The flowers are small, and are less than 1 cm wide with a sweet fragrance. The dwarf plant also grows in colonies, with up to 20 or more plants found in a single area. The roots grow exposed or anchored to rocks and trees.
Uses
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is often grown as an ornamental plant and is known for its beautiful flowers. It is an excellent plant for terrariums and can be propagated by division. The plant can also be used in traditional medicines as an aid for digestion and treatment of stomach ailments.
Light Requirements
The Microcoelia exilis Lindl. plant requires moderate to bright indirect sunlight to grow. Direct sunlight can be harmful, and it is important to protect the plant against intense rays. Placing the plant near a north-facing window or in a shaded area outdoors is ideal. Additionally, fluorescent lighting can be used to supplement natural light if necessary.
Temperature Requirements
Maintaining a specific temperature range is essential for the growth of Microcoelia exilis Lindl. The plant should be kept in an area with temperatures between 60-75°F (15.5-24°C) during the day and around 55-60°F (12.7-15.5°C) during the night. Exposure to temperatures outside of this range can cause stunted growth and damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
It is important to provide the Microcoelia exilis Lindl. plant with well-draining soil that is free of debris. A mix of peat moss, perlite, and bark is a good option. It is also recommended to repot the plant every 1-2 years, as the plant may outgrow its pot and require fresh soil. Increase the pot size gradually to avoid overwhelming the plant with soil and causing root rot.
Cultivation of Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
The best way to cultivate Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is under a shade cloth in hot areas with high humidity. This plant requires high humidity and good air circulation to thrive. It grows best in well-draining soil that retains moisture but does not stay wet.
The ideal temperature range for the cultivation of Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is between 60°F and 85°F. The plant can tolerate temperatures above or below this range, but it may not grow as well.
Propagation of Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is accomplished by dividing the plant's rhizomes or by taking stem cuttings. The best time to propagate this plant is in the spring or fall.
Watering Needs of Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. requires regular watering, especially during hot and dry weather. The plant needs enough water to keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it's essential to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering.
The ideal time to water Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is in the morning hours, which allows sufficient time for the foliage to dry out before evening. It's best to water the plant at the base rather than wetting the foliage, as this can increase the chance of fungal infection.
Fertilization of Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. should be fertilized regularly during the growing season, which is typically spring and summer. A balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 20-20-20 or 10-10-10 is suitable for this plant. Fertilization encourages growth and helps the plant produce more vigorous foliage and flowers.
It's essential to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package carefully, as too much fertilizer can cause salt buildup in the soil, which can lead to root damage.
Pruning of Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Pruning is necessary to maintain the shape and size of Microcoelia exilis Lindl. The best time to prune this plant is in the spring before new growth appears. Dead, diseased, or damaged foliage and stems should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of disease.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is not an aggressive grower, so pruning should be minimal. However, if the plant outgrows its space or becomes too leggy, it can be lightly pruned to encourage bushier growth.
Propagation of Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl., also known as the Small Flowered Microcoelia, can be propagated through various methods. Some of the propagation methods are:
1. Seed propagation:
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. can be propagated through seeds. The seeds should be collected when the seed pods have turned brown and cracked open. Sow the seeds in a seed-starting mix or compost mix and provide the moist and warm environment required for the germination of the seeds. Seed germination is usually slow and may take up to 12 weeks. After germination, seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots once their first set of true leaves has emerged.
2. Division:
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. can be propagated through division. The best time to divide the plant is during the growing season, i.e., in spring when new growth appears. Carefully remove the plant from the pot and separate the plants into smaller sections, ensuring each section has a good root system. Transplant the divided plants into individual pots and water them thoroughly.
3. Stem cuttings:
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take 4-5 inch stem cuttings from the parent plant, making sure to cut just below a node. Remove any leaves from the lower half of the stem and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a pot filled with a well-draining potting mix and keep it moist and humid. Keep the pot in a bright, indirect light and avoid direct sunlight until the new growth appears.
Disease Management for Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is a resilient plant species, but it is not immune to diseases. Some common diseases that affect the plant include:
- Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that results in brown or black spots on the leaves and stem. The affected areas may also have a dark border.
- Leaf spot: Leaf spot causes circular brown spots on the leaves. The spots may be surrounded by a yellow halo.
- Root rot: Root rot is caused by a water mold that attacks the roots, causing them to decay. This may result in yellowing and wilting of the leaves.
To manage these diseases, it is advisable to remove the affected parts of the plant and destroy them. Also, avoid overwatering the plant as this may promote the growth of fungi that cause diseases. Ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Pest Management for Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia exilis Lindl. is also susceptible to pest infestations. Some of the common pests that attack Microcoelia exilis Lindl. include:
- Spider mites: These are tiny pests that suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and wilt.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small, white, cottony pests that form colonies on the leaves and stems, causing the plant to weaken and wilt.
- Scale insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped pests that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant. They suck sap from the plant, slowing down its growth and causing it to wilt.
To manage these pests, it is advisable to prune and destroy the affected parts of the plant. Also, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the spread of the pests. Alternatively, use natural predators like ladybugs or lacewings to control the pest population. Regularly inspect the plant to detect any signs of pest infestations early.
