Origin and Common Names
Microcharis praetermissa, also known as Baker f. Schrire, is a small flowering plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. This plant species is commonly found in Africa, specifically in Zimbabwe and Zambia. It is known by its common name, Senna, which is derived from the Arabic word for "thorn".
Uses
The plant has many medicinal uses, and the leaves, roots, and bark are all used to treat different ailments. The leaves are used to treat constipation and indigestion, while the roots are used for fever, cough, and colds. The bark is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and other gastrointestinal problems. Additionally, the plant is used as a natural laxative, and the seeds are used to make soap and other industrial products.
General Appearance
Microcharis praetermissa is a shrub that grows up to 2 meters in height. It has thin, woody stems and dark green leaves that grow in an alternated pattern. The leaves are long and narrow, with a pointed tip and a slightly serrated edge. The flowers are a vibrant yellow color and grow in clusters at the end of the stems. The plant produces fruit that is a long, narrow pod containing several seeds.
Light Requirements
Microcharis praetermissa grows best in bright, indirect light. It can survive in low light conditions, but may not flower as prolifically. In direct sunlight, the leaves may burn.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Microcharis praetermissa is between 18°C and 24°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C and as high as 30°C, but it may not grow or flower as well outside of its ideal range.
Soil Requirements
Microcharis praetermissa prefers well-draining soil that is slightly acidic. A soil mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand is ideal. The plant does not do well in heavy clay soils that retain too much moisture.
Cultivation Methods
Microcharis praetermissa is a perennial plant that requires well-draining soil and partial shade. It thrives in areas with a warm climate and a consistent water source. The best time for planting is in the spring after the threat of frost has passed. Dig a hole twice the size of the plant's root ball and fill it with nutrient-rich soil.
Watering Needs
Microcharis praetermissa needs consistent moisture, but not overwatering. When planting, thoroughly water the soil around the plant. During periods of drought, water the plant once a week or as needed to keep the soil moist. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
The plant should be fertilized once a month during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid fertilizers high in nitrogen as they can promote leaf growth at the expense of flower production. If the plant's leaves start to turn yellow, it may indicate a lack of nutrients.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Microcharis praetermissa, but removing dead or damaged foliage can improve the plant's appearance. After the plant has finished blooming, removing the spent flowers can encourage further blooming. Cutting the plant back in the fall can also help to promote growth in the spring.
Propagation of Microcharis praetermissa
Microcharis praetermissa, commonly known as the grassy-spiketail, is a herbaceous plant endemic to south-eastern Africa. The propagation of this plant can be achieved by three common methods:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most common method of propagating Microcharis praetermissa is through seed propagation. The plant produces small, black seeds that can be collected after they have matured in autumn. The seeds need to be soaked in water for 24 hours to help soften their hard outer shell, and then they can be sown in trays or pots filled with a well-draining soil mix. The seeds should be kept moist and placed in a shaded area until they germinate, which usually takes 2-4 weeks.
Division
Microcharis praetermissa can also be propagated through division. This method involves separating the plant into smaller sections and replanting them separately to grow into new plants. The best time to divide the plant is during the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Carefully remove the plant from the soil and gently separate the roots into smaller sections, making sure that each section has some foliage attached. Replant the sections immediately in a well-draining soil mix and water well.
Cuttings
Propagation of Microcharis praetermissa can also be achieved through stem cuttings. This method involves taking a stem cutting from the parent plant, usually about 10cm long, and planting it in a well-draining soil mix. Ensure that the cutting has at least one node, as this is where roots will form. Keep the cutting moist and in a shaded area until roots have formed, which usually takes 2-4 weeks. Once roots have formed, the cutting can be transplanted into its permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Microcharis praetermissa (Baker f.) Schrire
Microcharis praetermissa (Baker f.) Schrire is generally a hardy plant, but just like any other plant, it is not immune to diseases and pests that may attack and cause damage. It is essential to know the common diseases and pests that may affect the plant and ways to manage them to ensure that the plant remains healthy and productive.
Common Diseases
One of the prevalent diseases that may affect Microcharis praetermissa (Baker f.) Schrire is fungal attack. Fungi prefer wet and warm conditions, and they cause leaf spots, root rot, and wilting. Leaf spots usually indicate fungal diseases such as rust and powdery mildew. Root rot may be due to the fungus Pythium, which thrives in waterlogged soils. Wilting may indicate Fusarium or Verticillium wilt.
Disease Management
The best way to manage fungal diseases is to prevent them from occurring in the first place. Good cultural practices such as avoiding planting in waterlogged soils and ensuring proper plant spacing can prevent fungal infections. For infected plants, prune the affected parts and destroy them to stop the spread of the disease. Fungal sprays such as copper-based fungicides may also be applied.
Common Pests
Microcharis praetermissa (Baker f.) Schrire may also be attacked by various pests, such as aphids, spider mites, and snails. Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and leaf curling. Spider mites are tiny pests that can multiply rapidly in dry and dusty conditions. They can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves. Snails are mollusks that attack young seedlings, leaving holes in the leaves and causing wilting.
Pest Management
To manage pests, you can use insecticidal soaps or oils that disrupt the pests' membranes, leading to dehydration and death. Spraying with neem oil can also repel pests, while slug and snail baits can deter these mollusks. Removing weeds from around the plant can reduce the hiding areas for pests. Beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings can be introduced to feed on the pests.
With proper disease and pest management practices, Microcharis praetermissa (Baker f.) Schrire can remain healthy and productive, providing a beautiful ornamental addition to your indoor or outdoor garden.
