Microcharis Cana (thulin) Schrire

General Overview

Microcharis cana (Thulin) Schrire is a flowering plant species that belongs to the Fabaceae family. This plant is commonly known as "Wolaitta breakstone." It is a herbaceous plant that grows in Africa. This plant is known for its numerous medicinal applications.

Description

Microcharis cana is a small, erect herbaceous plant that reaches up to 60 cm in height. It has a woody stem that turns brownish as it matures. The leaves of this plant are smooth, compound, and alternate. They have a length of about 2.5 cm to 20 cm and a width of about 1 cm to 8 cm. The leaves are dark green in color, glabrous, and pinnately trifoliate.

The flowers of the Microcharis cana are small and compact, and they are arranged in dense terminal inflorescences. The flowers have five petals, which are cream or yellow in color. They have a green calyx that has five lobes and a single pistil.

The fruit of this plant is a dehiscent legume that is elliptical in shape and measures about 2.5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide. The legume is covered with fine hairs and has 3 to 6 seeds inside.

Origin and Distribution

The Microcharis cana plant is native to Ethiopia and some parts of eastern Africa. It is found in the highland regions of Ethiopia, particularly in the Bale Mountains. It also grows in neighboring countries such as Kenya and Tanzania, where it is found in the highlands and on hillsides.

Uses

Microcharis cana is widely used for its medicinal properties. The plant is believed to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. It is used to treat various health conditions such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, back pain, and digestive disorders.

The plant is also used to feed livestock, particularly cattle. The leaves and stems of the plant are rich in protein and have high nutritive value. In addition, the plant is used in soil conservation and land restoration projects due to its ability to prevent soil erosion.

In Conclusion

Microcharis cana is an important plant species that has numerous medicinal and agricultural applications. It is a small herbaceous plant that is native to Ethiopia and some parts of eastern Africa. The plant has dark green pinnately trifoliate leaves and small yellow flowers arranged in dense terminal inflorescences. Its fruit is a dehiscent legume that contains 3 to 6 seeds.

Light Requirements

Microcharis cana grows best in partially shaded environments. Direct sunlight can be harmful to the plant and lead to leaf scorching. It is recommended to place the plant in a location that receives light filtered through a sheer curtain or out of direct sunlight.

Temperature Requirements

The ideal temperature range for Microcharis cana is between 20°C and 25°C. The plant is sensitive to extreme temperatures and performs poorly in both hot and cold environments. Temperatures below 10°C can cause stress to the plant, stunting growth, and even causing damage to leaves and stem. It is crucial to keep the plant in a temperature-regulated environment to promote optimal growth.

Soil Requirements

The soil requirements for Microcharis cana are specific and must be adequately maintained to meet the plant's needs. The plant prefers well-drained soil that has a neutral or slightly acidic pH level (around 6.0 to 7.0). The soil should be rich in organic matter to provide the necessary nutrients that the plant needs for growth and development. It is important to keep the soil moist but not excessively wet. Overwatering can lead to root rot and ultimately damage or kill the plant.

Cultivation of Microcharis cana

Microcharis cana is a small, perennial plant that grows best in well-draining soil. To cultivate this plant successfully, one should select a spot with well-drained soil and full sunlight. The preferred soil type for Microcharis cana is sandy or sandy loam, but the plant can also grow in rocky soil. Prepare the soil by weeding and loosening it with a shovel or fork. The ideal size of the planting hole is about twice the size of the root ball.

Watering Needs

Microcharis cana requires moderate watering, and the soil should not be allowed to dry completely. The plant should be watered deeply but infrequently. Avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot and other diseases. During the summer months, the plant should be watered twice a week, but during the winter months, it should be watered less frequently. One way to check the moisture level of the soil is to stick a finger in it and feel whether it is dry or damp.

Fertilization needs

Microcharis cana requires a balanced fertilizer, which should be applied once every two to three months during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer contains equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Slow-release fertilizers are ideal for this plant, as they provide a steady source of nutrients. Apply the fertilizer according to the package instructions, and watering should follow immediately after application. Avoid overfertilization, as it can lead to foliage burn and other issues.

Pruning

Microcharis cana requires little pruning because it grows slowly and does not develop many branches. However, you can remove any yellow or dead leaves or branches to keep the plant looking neat. After blooming, cut the stem back to encourage new growth and more blooms. When pruning, use clean, sharp tools to avoid tearing bark or other injuries to the plant.

Propagation of Microcharis cana

Microcharis cana (Thulin) Schrire is a small, perennial herb that is native to the southern African regions of Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. Here are the different methods for propagating this plant.

Seed Propagation

One of the easiest ways to propagate Microcharis cana is by using seeds. The seeds are small and can be planted directly into the soil or started indoors in a seed tray. Here are the steps for planting seeds:

1. Collect the ripe seeds from the plant.
2. Remove the chaff carefully and discard any faulty seeds.
3. Moisten the soil and sow the seeds. Lightly cover the seeds with soil.
4. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged and place the tray in a warm and sunny spot.
5. After germination, transplant the seedlings into their permanent location.

Division

Another method of propagation for Microcharis cana is by division. Here are the steps for dividing the plant:

1. Choose a mature Microcharis cana plant.
2. Dig up the plant carefully, making sure not to damage the roots.
3. Divide the plant into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has a healthy set of roots and shoots.
4. Plant each section in its permanent location, and water it in.

Cuttings Propagation

Microcharis cana can also be propagated by taking cuttings. Here are the methods for taking cuttings:

1. Take cuttings from healthy, mature Microcharis cana plants during the growing season.
2. Cut a stem, about 5 cm long, with a sharp knife. It should have a few leaves and a healthy growth tip.
3. Plant the stem in a well-draining potting mix in a small pot.
4. Keep the soil moist and warm and place it in a bright and sunny location.
5. After rooting, transplant the cutting into its permanent location.

Disease and Pest Management for Microcharis cana

Microcharis cana, commonly known as the Bushveld Resurrection plant, is a hardy plant that is resistant to many diseases and pests. However, there are still some common issues to be aware of:

Diseases

Leaf spots: This is a fungal infection that causes brown or black spots to appear on the leaves. Remove infected leaves and reduce humidity around the plant.

Crown rot: This is another fungal infection that affects the roots and can cause the plant to die. Remove infected plant parts and replant in fresh, well-draining soil.

Pests

Spider mites: These tiny pests feed on the plant's sap and cause yellowing and wilting of leaves. Spray the plant with water to wash off spider mites, and use insecticidal soap if necessary.

Mealybugs: These small, white insects feed on the plant's sap and leave a sticky residue on the leaves. Use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove mealybugs, and spray the plant with neem oil to prevent future infestations.

Caterpillars: These pests can munch on the plant's leaves and cause significant damage. Hand-pick caterpillars off the plant or use a natural insecticide like Bacillus thuringiensis.

Regularly inspecting your Microcharis cana plant for signs of disease or pest infestation can help prevent the spread of issues. Maintaining a clean growing environment and avoiding overwatering can also help promote a healthy plant.