Overview of Metastelma decipiens Schlechter
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is a tropical plant belonging to the Apocynaceae family. The plant is commonly known as "False corpsevine" or "Heleleli" in Hawaii. It is native to Hawaii, where it was first described by the German naturalist, Friedrich Schlechter, in 1905.
General Appearance
The False corpsevine is a woody climbing shrub that grows up to 6 meters long. The stems are thin and flexible, with leaves that are simple, oblong to elliptical, dark green and shiny, measuring about 5-20 cm in length and 2-9 cm in width depending on its maturity. The flowers are small and yellowish with purplish red stripes or spots on the corolla tube and the fruit is a follicle filled with numerous small seeds with white silky hairs that are dispersed by wind or water.
Medicinal and Other Uses
The plant has been used in traditional Hawaiian medicine as a remedy for various ailments such as wounds, coughs, and fever. The extract of the False corpsevine was also used by the ancient Hawaiian Kahuna (healers) for spiritual rituals and cleansing. Today, the plant is primarily used as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscaping. Additionally, the plant is also known to attract butterfly and moth species as it is a host plant for many of them, aiding in the pollination of nearby crops and plants.
Growth Conditions for Metastelma decipiens Schlechter
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is a tropical plant native to Central America and South America. It requires specific growth conditions to thrive.
Light Requirements
The plant requires bright but indirect sunlight. It should be protected from direct sunlight, as this can cause its leaves to scorch. If the plant is grown indoors, it should be placed near east or west-facing windows, which receive sunlight in the morning or afternoon, respectively.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is between 18°C to 25°C (65°F to 77°F). Temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can stun the plant's growth, and exposure to temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can be fatal. Conversely, temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can cause the plant to wilt and die.
Soil Requirements
The soil used for growing Metastelma decipiens Schlechter should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. A mixture of peat, perlite, and coarse sand can be used for potting. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as overwatering can lead to root rot. The plant prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5.
It should be noted that the plant is sensitive to salt buildup in the soil, so it should not be fertilized excessively. Fertilizer should be applied once every two weeks or once a month, using a balanced water-soluble fertilizer. Alternatively, slow-release fertilizers can be applied every three to six months.
By providing Metastelma decipiens Schlechter with the proper light, temperature, and soil conditions, it can thrive and produce beautiful flowers.
Cultivation Methods
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is a tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions. It can be grown both indoors and outdoors in suitable climates. When planting outdoors, choose a location that provides partial shade, and when planting indoors, choose a spot that allows for adequate light exposure. Ensure the soil is well-draining, fertile, and rich in organic matter. The plant requires a warm temperature between 65 to 85°F and well-ventilated surroundings.
Watering Needs
The plant needs to be kept moist but not overly watered. Watering should be done once a week, or when the soil is dry to the touch, particularly during hot and dry seasons. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while under-watering can cause the plant to wilt and lose its foliage. It is important to note that the plant is sensitive to hard water, so it is recommended to use filtered or distilled water.
Fertilization
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter can be fertilized every two weeks during the growing season using a balanced plant fertilizer. Alternatively, an organic fertilizer can be used once a month to provide the plant with essential nutrients. During the dormant season, feeding can be reduced to once a month.
Pruning
Pruning should be done at the start of the growing season to encourage new growth and maintain the plant's shape. The plant can be pruned to remove any dead or damaged leaves or branches. It is recommended to use clean and sharp pruning tools to avoid causing any damage to the plant. Additionally, regular removal of the spent flowers can help to promote new blooms and tidy the plant's appearance.
Propagation of Metastelma decipiens Schlechter
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter can be propagated by several methods, including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and division.
Seed Propagation
Propagation by seeds is the most common method for Metastelma decipiens Schlechter. The seeds of this plant can be sown in the spring in well-drained soil. It is recommended to soak the seeds in water for several hours before planting, as this can increase germination rates. The seeds should be planted at a depth of approximately one inch and kept moist. Germination usually takes between two and four weeks.
Stem Cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings of Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is a reliable method for producing new plants. Stem cuttings should be taken in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Take a cutting about 4-6 inches long, remove the lower leaves, and dip the cut end in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in a well-draining potting mix and water it thoroughly. Keep the cutting moist and in a warm, bright location, but where it is protected from direct sunlight. It may take several weeks for the new plant to establish roots.
Division
Propagation by division can be done during the spring when the plant is still dormant. Divide the plant by gently removing it from the pot or soil and separating it into smaller sections. Each section should have a portion of the root system and stem. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil and water thoroughly. Keep the plants moist and in a warm, bright location but where it is protected from direct sunlight.
Disease and Pest Management for Metastelma Decipiens Schlechter
Metastelma decipiens Schlechter is a hardy plant but is still susceptible to certain pests and diseases. It is essential to maintain proper care to prevent any infestation or disease outbreak.
Pests:
1. Spider mites: Spider mites are one of the most common pests that attack Metastelma decipiens Schlechter. They suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and eventually die off. To control spider mites, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil on the plant to kill them off.
2. Mealybugs: Mealybugs feed on the sap of the plant, causing the leaves to yellow and wilt. They also secrete a sticky substance, which attracts ants and other insects. Remove the mealybugs by wiping off the leaves with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol.
Diseases:
1. Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes circular brown spots on the leaves of the plant. To control leaf spot, remove any infected leaves and discard them. Do not water the plant from above, and ensure good air circulation around the plant.
2. Root rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of the plant, causing them to decay and turn black. To control root rot, reduce watering and ensure the soil is well-draining. If the disease has already set in, remove the affected plant and repot it in a fresh soil mix.
3. Bacterial blight: Bacterial blight causes the leaves and stems of the plant to wilt and rot. The best way to prevent bacterial blight is to keep the plant well-watered and avoid overcrowding. If the disease has already set in, remove the affected plant and discard it to prevent the spread of the bacteria.
Overall, it is essential to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of pests or diseases. Early detection and prompt intervention are necessary to prevent the spread of any infestation or disease outbreak.
