Overview of Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb.
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb., commonly known as the finger mesemb or Dactylopsis digitata, is a succulent plant that belongs to the Aizoaceae family. It is native to South Africa and is widely distributed in the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and Northern Cape provinces. The plant is named after the Greek words "mesembria" and "anthemon," meaning "noon flower," referring to the fact that the flowers bloom in the midday sun.
Physical Description
The finger mesemb grows in a low mat of compact, finger-like leaves that are light green and finger-like in shape. The leaves are soft and fleshy, with a rough surface that is covered with small papillae. The plant produces delicate white flowers with a yellow center that bloom from mid-spring to mid-summer. The flowers are approximately 2cm in diameter and open in the midday sun.
Uses and Benefits
The finger mesemb is a popular garden plant due to its striking appearance and low maintenance requirements. The plant prefers full sun and a well-draining soil. It is a drought-tolerant plant that can survive extended periods of water scarcity. Gardeners use the plant in rock gardens, raised beds, and mass planting schemes.
Beyond its ornamental value, the finger mesemb has been traditionally used by indigenous people in South Africa to treat various ailments, including stomach ailments, paralysis, and sore eyes. The plant has strong anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to reduce swelling and pain when applied topically. The plant has also been used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
Light Requirements
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. (also known as finger mesemb or ice plant) is a sun-loving plant that thrives in bright light. It requires at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day to grow and bloom properly. Therefore, it is best to position the plant in a spot where it can receive ample sunlight, such as a south-facing window or a sunny outdoor location.
Temperature Requirements
This succulent plant is native to the hot, dry regions of South Africa, meaning that it prefers warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for growth and flowering is between 20-30°C (68-86°F). It can tolerate some temperature fluctuations but needs to be protected from frost and extreme heat, which may cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
The finger mesemb grows well in sandy and well-draining soil. It prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH level (6.0-7.0) and does not tolerate standing water, which may lead to root rot. The addition of perlite or coarse sand to the soil mix can help improve drainage and prevent soil compaction.
In summary, to grow the Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. successfully, you should provide it with bright, direct sunlight for at least 6-8 hours per day, maintain a warm temperature range of 20-30°C (68-86°F), and provide well-draining and slightly acidic to neutral soil.
Cultivation
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. requires a warm and bright environment to grow. It can be grown in pots or containers and is also suitable for outdoor planting in warm climates.
The plant prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. It is important to avoid overwatering, as the roots can rot when subjected to excess moisture.
Watering needs
Watering should be done sparingly to avoid overwatering. The watering schedule should be adjusted according to the weather and the level of humidity. It is advisable to water the plant when the soil feels dry to touch.
Fertilization
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. requires occasional fertilization to promote healthy growth and bloom. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 10-10-10 containing essential minerals such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used. It is recommended to fertilize the plant every two weeks during the growing season.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. care as it removes dead or damaged flowers and encourages new growth. Pruning should be done regularly throughout the growing season, especially after blooming. The plant can also be pruned to maintain its shape.
Propagation of Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb.
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds are the most common method of propagation for Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. The seeds should be sown in a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until germination, which typically occurs within 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have developed their second set of leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation of Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. can also be done by cuttings. The cuttings should be taken in the spring or summer and should be about 3-4 inches in length. The cuttings should be allowed to dry for a day or two and then planted in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the cuttings in a bright, but shaded area. Roots should develop within a few weeks.
Propagation by Division
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. can also be propagated by division. This method is typically done in the spring or fall. The plant should be lifted from the ground and the clump should be carefully divided into smaller sections. Each section should have a good root system and a few shoots. The new plants should be planted in a well-draining soil mix and watered thoroughly.
Disease and Pest Management for Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb.
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb., also known as dewflower or ice plant, is a succulent plant that is native to South Africa and is widely grown as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world. While this plant is generally healthy and disease-resistant, it is still susceptible to certain pests and diseases that can cause damage if not addressed promptly.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affects Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. is root rot. This disease is caused by overwatering and poorly drained soil, which leads to a buildup of moisture around the roots and encourages the growth of harmful fungi. Symptoms of root rot include yellowing leaves, wilting, and a foul smell emanating from the soil. To manage root rot, it is important to reduce watering and improve soil drainage. If the disease has already spread, it may be necessary to remove affected plants to prevent further contamination.
Another disease that can affect Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. is powdery mildew. This is a fungal infection that often appears as a white or gray powdery substance on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. Powdery mildew is more common in humid conditions, and it can be prevented by ensuring good air circulation around the plant and avoiding overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to control powdery mildew, but it is important to follow the instructions carefully and not apply them too frequently.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that can affect Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. is the mealybug. These small, white insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause wilting, yellowing, and stunted growth. Mealybugs are often found in warm, humid environments, and they can be prevented by practicing good hygiene and sanitation. If mealybugs are present, they can be removed by spraying the plant with a solution of water and mild soap or rubbing alcohol.
Another pest that can affect Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. is the spider mite. These tiny arachnids feed on the plant's sap and can cause yellowing, browning, and leaf drop. Spider mites are more common in hot, dry conditions, and they can be prevented by ensuring good air circulation and regularly watering the plant. If spider mites are present, they can be removed by spraying the plant with a solution of water and insecticidal soap or neem oil.
By practicing good hygiene, monitoring the plant regularly, and addressing any issues promptly, it is possible to keep Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. healthy and free of pests and diseases.
