Overview
Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc. belongs to the Convolvulaceae family and is a sprawling or climbing herbaceous plant with trumpet-shaped flowers.
Origin
The plant is native to East Africa, particularly Tanzania and Kenya.
Common Names
The herb is commonly referred to as merremia or tropical white morning glory.
Appearance
The plant has thin, green leaves with funnel-shaped flowers that are white or pale pink in color. The leaves of the plant are dimorphic, meaning that they vary in size and shape. The smaller leaves have a triangular shape while the larger leaves are heart-shaped. The flowers of the plant bloom in clusters and are typically larger than those of other morning glory species.
Uses
The plant is used for a range of medicinal purposes in Africa. Infusions made from the dried plant have been used to treat toothaches and sore throats, while sap from the stems has been used as an anti-inflammatory. The plant is also used to treat snake bites and scorpion stings.
In addition to its medicinal uses, the plant is valued for its ornamental qualities and is often grown as an ornamental plant.
Growth Conditions for Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc.
Light: Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla typically prefers bright light or full sun exposure to grow optimally. However, it is crucial to protect the plant from intense direct sunlight during the hottest parts of the day to prevent heat stress and leaf scorch.
Temperature: This species is subtropical and thrives best in warm temperatures between 20°C and 30°C. Cold winter temperatures below 10°C can prove fatal to the plant and inhibit vibrant growth. In winters, it is best to keep it indoors to protect it from frost and other extremely low-temperature extremes. Conversely, during the summer, this plant can benefit from some gentle air movement.
Soil: Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla can grow in a wide range of soil types, but it prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for this species is between 5.5 to 7.5; therefore, soil acidity or alkalinity should be considered when selecting the planting site. Adequate drainage is essential, and waterlogging should be avoided at all costs.
Fertilization: In terms of fertilizer, this species requires regular feeding to help it grow optimally. Using a complete, balanced fertilizer with an NPK ratio of 3:1:2 will supply the necessary nutrients and promote the overall condition of the plant. Liquid fertilizers are preferable for easy feeding and quick absorption.
Watering: Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla has moderate watering requirements and prefers to slightly dry out between watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, especially if the soil is poorly-draining. Watering should be reduced during winter to prevent soggy soils.
Cultivation Methods
Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc. can be cultivated in a variety of soil types, including loamy, sandy, and well-draining soils. This plant prefers to be grown in full sunlight, although it can also tolerate partial shade. It is best to plant them during the spring or early summer when temperatures are warm but not excessively hot.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is crucial for the growth of Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc. It is essential to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, as too much water can cause root rot. It is recommended to water this plant every two to three days during the growing season and reduce watering during the dormant season.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is necessary for optimal growth of Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc. It is best to fertilize during the growing season, using a balanced fertilizer formula such as 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. The fertilizer should be applied every three to four weeks.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential to control the shape and increase the vigor of Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc. It is best to prune this plant during the spring, after the blooming season ends. Cut back the branches that have become too crowded or overgrown, leaving only the healthy ones. This will help to encourage new growth and improve the plant's overall appearance.
Propagation of Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla
Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla can be propagated through various methods, including seed propagation, cuttings, and division.
Method 1: Seed propagation
Seeds of Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla can be collected from mature fruits and sown directly into well-draining soil in a nursery. The seeds should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing to improve germination rates. The nursery should be kept moist at all times, and seedlings should be transplanted into individual pots when they are large enough to handle.
Method 2: Cuttings
Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Select healthy stems with a few leaves and make a clean cut below a node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone before inserting it into a well-draining medium. Keep the cuttings moist and in a warm, humid environment until roots form. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transplanted into individual pots.
Method 3: Division
Merremia semisagitta subsp. dimorphophylla can be propagated through division by splitting a mature plant into smaller sections. Carefully dig up the plant and use a sharp knife to divide the root ball into sections. Each section should have some stems and roots. Replant the divided sections in well-draining soil and keep them moist until new growth appears.
Disease Management
The Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc is susceptible to various diseases that can affect its growth and productivity. Some of the diseases that may affect the plant include:
- Leaf Spot: This disease is caused by fungal infections and can result in brown or black spots on the leaves. It can be controlled by removing the infected parts of the plant and applying a fungicide.
- Root Rot: This disease is caused by waterlogging and poor soil drainage. It can be prevented by improving soil drainage and controlling waterlogging.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease leads to white powdery substance on the leaves. It can be controlled by removing the infected parts and applying a fungicide.
Pest Management
Merremia semisagitta (Peter) Dandy subsp. dimorphophylla Verdc is also susceptible to pests that can affect its growth and productivity. Some of the pests that may affect the plant include:
- Aphids: These are small insects that suck sap from the plant leaves. They can be controlled by natural predators such as ladybugs or by using insecticidal soap.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars can eat leaves and damage the plant. They can be controlled by removing them by hand or by using insecticides.
- Spider Mites: These are tiny pests that can damage the leaves and lead to yellow spots on the plant. They can be controlled by using insecticidal soap and making sure the plant is well-hydrated.
Regular inspection of the plant to check for any signs of disease or pests is vital in preventing any damage that could be caused to the plant. Also, avoiding over-fertilization and maintaining proper irrigation practices can prevent the plant from becoming more susceptible to pests and diseases.
