Origin and Common Names:
Melicope volcanica (Gray) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone, also known as white hau kuahiwi, is an endemic plant species indigenous to Hawaii. It is commonly found on the slopes of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa in the island of Hawaii, as well as in the Kohala Mountains in the same island.
The plant has several common names, including Hawaiian pelea, alani, and mudweed. However, the use of the latter may lead to confusion with other mudweed species found in Hawaii.
Appearance:
Melicope volcanica is a shrub or small tree that can reach up to 25 feet in height, although it is usually smaller. It has slender branches, smooth bark, and shiny leaves that are arranged alternately along the stem.
The leaves of Melicope volcanica are elliptical or oblong in shape, and can measure up to 9 inches long and 3 inches wide. They are dark green and glossy on the upper surface, while the underside is paler and may have small glands.
The flowers of Melicope volcanica are small and inconspicuous, and have white or yellow petals. The plant usually blooms between February and May, and produces fruit between June and August.
Uses:
The leaves, stems, and bark of Melicope volcanica have been historically used by native Hawaiians for medicinal purposes. The plant was believed to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and was used to treat various ailments, including cuts, bruises, infections, and rheumatism.
Melicope volcanica is also used in traditional Hawaiian ceremonies, especially in hula, where its branches and foliage are used to adorn dancers and altars.
Despite its cultural significance and potential medicinal properties, Melicope volcanica is not widely used in modern times due to its scarcity and protected status. The plant is listed as an endangered species by the State of Hawaii, and its collection and use are highly regulated.
Growth Conditions of Melicope Volcanica (Gray) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone
Melicope volcanica is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is commonly found in the Hawaiian islands, where it grows in dry and wet forests, along streams and rivers and in other habitats.
Light Requirements
Like many other plants, Melicope volcanica requires a certain amount of light to grow. It prefers partial shade to full sun exposure, with some protection from the intense midday sun. In its natural habitat, it grows under the canopy of other trees, where it receives filtered sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
Melicope volcanica is native to Hawaii, where the climate is generally warm and mild year-round. It prefers temperatures between 60°F and 80°F, but can tolerate temperatures outside of this range. In areas with colder temperatures, the plant can be grown as an indoor houseplant.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The plant does not grow well in soil that is constantly wet or waterlogged, so well-draining soil is essential for its growth.
Water Requirements
Melicope volcanica requires regular watering, especially during dry spells. The plant prefers to be kept moist but not wet. Overwatering can cause root rot, so it is important to let the soil dry out slightly between watering sessions. It is recommended to water the plant once per week, or more frequently during hot and dry weather.
Fertilizer Requirements
The plant does not require heavy fertilization, but occasional feeding can help to promote healthy growth. It is recommended to use a balanced fertilizer every six months, or to use a slow-release fertilizer once per year. Over-fertilization can cause the plant to become leggy or produce fewer flowers, so it should be done sparingly.
Overall, Melicope volcanica is a hardy and adaptable plant that is relatively easy to grow, provided that its growth conditions are met. With the right amount of light, temperature, soil, water, and fertilizer, this plant can thrive in both indoor and outdoor settings.Cultivation Methods
Melicope volcanica is a small tree that thrives well in warm and humid environments. It can be propagated from seeds or cuttings. For propagation through seeds, it is best to plant them fresh as soon as they are obtained from the fruit since they lose viability quickly. It grows well in well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The tree should be planted in an area that gets partial shade to full sun.
Watering Needs
The tree requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. However, care should be taken not to let the soil become waterlogged. Watering should be done every week or as often as required, to keep the soil moist but not saturated.
Fertilization
Melicope volcanica requires regular fertilization during the growing season to ensure healthy growth. Fertilizers with an N:P:K ratio of 2:1:1 are recommended. Fertilizers should be applied at the beginning of the growing season and repeated every six weeks. Care should be taken not to over-fertilize, as this can cause the tree to produce weak growth.
Pruning
Pruning of Melicope volcanica should be done sparingly. It can be pruned to remove dead or diseased branches or to maintain a specific shape. The best time to do pruning is at the end of the growing season, just before new growth begins. It is important to note that heavy pruning can affect the tree's growth and flowering.
Propagation of Melicope volcanica (Gray) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone
Melicope volcanica (Gray) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone is a rare shrub or small tree that is native to Hawaii. It is well-known for its beautiful foliage and flowers, making it a popular plant for landscaping and garden design. Propagation of this plant can be done through different methods, including seed propagation, stem cutting, and layering.
Seed propagation
The most common propagation method for Melicope volcanica is through seeds. Seeds can be collected from mature fruits and planted in a seed tray or individual pots filled with a well-draining potting soil. The seeds should be planted at a depth of ¼ inch and watered lightly. Keep the tray or pots in a warm and bright location, with temperatures ranging between 70-80°F. Germination can be expected within 2 to 4 weeks. Once the seedlings have reached a reasonable size, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Stem cutting
Melicope volcanica can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Select a stem that has a diameter of at least ¼ inch and a new growth. Cut the stem to a length of about 4 to 6 inches, and remove all the leaves except for the top two leaves. Dip the end of the cutting in a rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting soil. Cover the pot with a transparent plastic bag to create a humid environment for the cutting to root. Keep the soil moist and keep the pot in bright, indirect light. Rooting can be expected within 4 to 6 weeks. Once the cutting has rooted, it can be transplanted to its permanent location.
Layering
Layering is another propagation method that can be used for Melicope volcanica. This method involves bending a low-hanging branch towards the ground, covering the branch in soil, and then securing it in place with a weight or stake. Allow the branch to root for at least 6 months. After rooting, the branch can be cut from the parent plant and be transplanted to its permanent location.
Overall, successful propagation of Melicope volcanica requires patience and attention to detail. Once established, this beautiful plant can be a great addition to any garden or landscape.
Disease Management
Melicope volcanica is susceptible to various diseases that can affect its growth and productivity. Some of the most common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Fungal infections: These infections can affect various parts of the plant, including leaves, stems, and roots. Symptoms of fungal infections include wilting, leaf spots, discoloration, and stunted growth. To manage fungal infections, it is essential to maintain good plant hygiene, avoid overwatering, and use fungicides to prevent the spread of the infection.
- Bacterial infections: Bacterial infections can cause severe damage to the plant, leading to wilting, yellowing of leaves, and eventual death. Management of bacterial infections involves removal of infected plant parts and use of bactericides for preventing the spread of the infection.
- Viral infections: Viral infections can cause stunted growth, leaf distortion, and yellowing of leaves. There is no cure for viral infections; hence prevention is the best option. Use of virus-free planting materials and proper sanitation can help prevent the spread of viral infections.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Melicope volcanica leading to reduced yield and stunted growth. The most common pests that affect this plant include:
- Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck sap from the plant, leading to stunted growth and distorted leaves. To manage aphids, use of insecticides, and natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings can be effective.
- Mites: Mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant sap leading to the discoloration of leaves and stunted growth. Use of miticides and regular spraying can help manage the spread of mites.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies that feed on the leaves of the plant, leading to defoliation and stunted growth. To manage caterpillars, use of biological agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis or insecticides can be effective.
