Overview of Melicope Ternata
Melicope ternata, also known as 'Moluccan sau', is a small tree or shrub that belongs to the family Rutaceae. It is native to the Moluccas, a group of islands in Indonesia, but is also found in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The plant is known for its fragrant leaves, attractive flowers, and medicinal properties.
Appearance of Melicope Ternata
The Melicope ternata tree is typically small, reaching a height of only about 10 meters. Its leaves are glossy, simple, and trifoliate, meaning they have three leaflets. The leaflets are ovate to elliptical in shape, measuring 4 to 10 centimeters in length, and they emit a pleasant fragrance when crushed. The flowers of the Melicope ternata are small, white, and fragrant, blooming in clusters at the end of branches. The fruits are small, round, and green when immature, turning black when ripe.
Common Names of Melicope Ternata
Melicope ternata is known by several common names in different regions. In Indonesia, it is called 'Moluccan sau' or 'sau wenang'. In Papua New Guinea, it is known as 'kwila' or 'kwilu'. In the Solomon Islands, it is called 'atoa' or 'kolekole'.
Uses of Melicope Ternata
Many parts of Melicope ternata are used for their medicinal properties. The leaves, bark, and roots contain various compounds that have been found to have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects. The plant has been traditionally used to treat skin infections, wounds, and fever. Additionally, the plant wood is used in carpentry and furniture making due to its attractive appearance and durability.
Light Requirements
Melicope ternata is mostly found growing in areas with partial shade to full sun, receiving at least 4 hours of direct sunlight per day. However, in hotter regions, it may prefer partial shade to protect from the intense heat.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in a tropical to subtropical climate with temperatures ranging between 20°C and 30°C. Temperatures below 0°C may harm the plant, so it is advised to grow it indoors in cooler areas.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a wide range of soils, including sandy soils, loam soils, and clay soils. However, it prefers soils that are slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It is important to avoid waterlogged soils as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Melicope ternata is a native plant of Hawaii. It is mostly found in open and rocky areas, and it grows well in well-drained soil. It prefers partial shade and can tolerate drought conditions. Ideally, the plant should be grown in areas that receive ample rainfall, but it can survive in areas that have moderate rainfall.
The best time to plant Melicope ternata is during the rainy season. The plants should be placed at least six feet apart to provide ample space for growth. Avoid planting in areas with strong winds as it can damage the plant.
Watering Needs
The plant needs regular watering, especially during the dry season. Water the plant once or twice a week, depending on the rainfall in the area. Be careful not to overwater as it can lead to root rot.
Water the plant deeply, ensuring that the water reaches the roots. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged.
Fertilization
The plant is not a heavy feeder, and regular fertilization is not required. However, adding compost to the soil during planting can help improve soil fertility.
If the plant appears weak or is not growing well, you can add a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Avoid using high-nitrogen fertilizers as they can promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers and fruit.
Pruning
Melicope ternata requires minimal pruning. Dead or diseased branches should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of disease and to promote new growth.
Pruning should be done during the dormant season to avoid damaging new growth. The plant can also be lightly shaped to maintain its size and shape.
Avoid pruning when the plant is flowering as it can affect the quality of the flowers and fruit.
Propagation of Melicope ternata
Melicope ternata, also known as Wharangi or Coastal Tainui, is a shrub or small tree that is native to New Zealand. It is a popular plant for home gardens and has several propagation methods.
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Melicope ternata is through seed propagation. The seeds can be collected from the plant in autumn or winter when they are ripe and can be sown immediately. The seeds need to be sown in well-draining soil, and the soil should be kept slightly moist. The seeds should be placed shallowly in the soil, and it is recommended to sow several seeds to increase the chances of germination.
Cuttings Propagation
The second method of propagation is through cuttings. Softwood cuttings are taken from new growth in spring or early summer. The cuttings are about 5cm long, and the leaves on the bottom half are removed. The cuttings are dipped in rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining potting mix. The cuttings need to be kept moist and in a warm, humid and shaded environment until they have established roots.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another method of propagation that can be used for Melicope ternata. This method involves bending a low-hanging branch to the ground and covering a section of it with soil. Roots will start to grow from the section of the branch that is covered with soil. After the roots have formed, the branch can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted into a new location.
Grafting Propagation
Grafting is often used by commercial growers to produce plants with desirable characteristics, such as uniform size and early fruiting. While it is not commonly used for Melicope ternata, it is possible to graft the plant onto a rootstock. The grafting method involves cutting a section of the plant and attaching it to an established rootstock. The graft union needs to be tightly wrapped and kept in a warm and humid environment until the plant has established.
Overall, Melicope ternata can be easily propagated through various methods. Choose the propagation method that works best for your situation and enjoy growing this lovely plant.
Disease Management
Melicope ternata is generally a healthy plant with a few common diseases that are easily manageable through cultural control methods. The plant can experience rust and leaf spot diseases that can cause leaf yellowing and dropping. If leaf spots develop, prune off the affected areas and ensure good air circulation. Encourage healthy growth by applying balanced fertilizers that contain the necessary micro and macronutrients. Avoid watering the foliage, as wet leaves create a favorable environment for fungi growth.
Pest Management
The Melicope ternata plant is also susceptible to pest infestations by aphids, mites, caterpillars, and snails. They can cause damage to leaves, stems, and other parts of the plant. Aphids and mites can be controlled in several ways. Firstly, introduce natural predators such as lady beetles, which can consume large numbers of aphids and mites. Alternatively, use neem oil or insecticidal soap to control pests, spraying the plant periodically to ensure adequate coverage. Snails and caterpillars can be eliminated by handpicking them and removing them from the plant. Ensure you dispose of them in a sealed bag, so they do not re-infest the plant.
By following these preventative measures, the Melicope ternata will stay healthy and can thrive in the growing environment.
