Origin and Common Names
Melicope makahae (B.C. Stone) T.G. Hartley & B.C. Stone, commonly known as Makahila or Makaha Melicope, is a rare and endangered plant species that is endemic to the Makaha Valley on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The plant was first discovered in 1974 by botanist Bruce Stone and was named in honor of the Makah tribe of Washington state.
Appearance
Melicope makahae is a small to medium-sized tree that typically grows 10-25 feet tall. It has smooth, grayish-brown bark and glossy, dark green leaves that are 3-4 inches long and 1-2 inches wide. The leaves have prominent veins and are slightly hairy when young. The plant produces fragrant white flowers that are about ¼ inch wide and are followed by small, round, and hairy fruits that are about ¼ inch in diameter.
Uses
Melicope makahae has been used in traditional Hawaiian medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as toothache, headache, and stomachache. The leaves and bark of the plant have been used to make a decoction or infusion that is applied topically or taken orally. Melicope makahae also has cultural significance to the Hawaiian people, who use it in religious rituals and ceremonies.
Due to its rarity and endangered status, Melicope makahae is not commercially available for any purpose. It is protected by state and federal laws and efforts are being made to conserve and restore its habitat.
Light Requirements
Melicope makahae requires a good amount of filtered sunlight to thrive. Direct exposure to the sun's rays can damage the foliage. The plant grows best in areas that are partially shaded, such as under the canopy of trees or near a window that receives bright, indirect light.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Melicope makahae is between 20°C to 27°C (68°F to 81°F). The plant can tolerate a few degrees cooler or warmer, but it does not do well in extreme temperatures. If the temperature falls below 10°C (50°F) or rises above 32°C (90°F), the plant may start to suffer damage.
Soil Requirements
Melicope makahae prefers well-draining, moist soil. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soil and may suffer root rot if the soil is not well-draining. A rich organic potting mix or a soil mix containing perlite, vermiculite, and peat moss is ideal for the plant to grow.
Cultivation methods for Melicope makahae
Melicope makahae is a slow-growing shrub that requires specific conditions for successful cultivation. It is a highly adapted plant that grows well in dry and wet conditions. The plant thrives better in organically rich soils that are well-draining. It's best to plant them in partially shaded areas with adequate protection from direct sunlight. Melicope makahae prefers to grow in areas with high humidity and mild temperatures.
Watering needs for Melicope makahae
The Melicope makahae plant requires regular, consistent watering to survive. However, the plant prefers slightly moist soil and cannot tolerate overwatering or drought conditions. Ensure the soil is damp but not waterlogged, and maintain consistent moisture at all times. The watering frequency depends on the climate and environmental conditions. In dry weather, water the plant often to maintain optimal soil moisture levels.
Fertilizing Melicope makahae
Melicope makahae needs regular feeding to promote healthy growth and flowering. Feeding once every three months is adequate and helps build strong roots and stems. Apply a slow-release fertilizer that is high in phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. Before adding any fertilizer, test the soil pH to identify any existing nutrient deficiencies. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can cause damage to the plant.
Pruning Melicope makahae
Melicope makahae does not require extensive pruning unless you notice any damaged or crossing branches. Prune during the early growth stage, preferably in the spring, to shape the plant and remove any dead or diseased branches. When pruning, use disinfected and clear cutting tools to reduce the risk of infection. Regular pruning promotes healthy growth and improves the plant's overall appearance.
Propagation of Melicope makahae
Melicope makahae, commonly known as Makaha Valley melicope, is a rare plant species endemic to Hawaii. It is a shrub with beautiful glossy leaves and white flowers that bloom in late summer. The propagation of Melicope makahae can be done through sexual and asexual methods. However, due to its threatened status, it is important to follow proper collection and propagation protocols to ensure the species' conservation.
Sexual Propagation
The sexual propagation of Melicope makahae is done through seed germination. The seeds of this plant have a hard outer layer that must be scarified to allow water to penetrate the seed and initiate germination. One method to scarify the seed is to rub it on sandpaper lightly. The seeds are then sown in a well-draining potting mix and kept moist until germination. Ensure that the seedlings are kept in a shaded area and have access to bright, filtered light.
Asexual Propagation
Asexual propagation methods for Melicope makahae include rooting stem cuttings, layering, and grafting. Stem cuttings are taken from the plant and put in moist soil or rooting hormone. The cuttings need constant moisture to encourage the rooting process and should be kept in a shady area. Layering is another method where the branches of the plant are bent downwards and covered with soil to encourage root growth. The branch can then be cut and planted separately once roots have developed. Grafting is not commonly used for Melicope makahae, but it can be done for more vigorous propagation and to increase genetic diversity.
To ensure the successful propagation of Melicope makahae, it is crucial to choose a healthy donor plant and follow the specific propagation method's guidelines. Following the proper protocol can protect the species from extinction and allow for its cultivation in gardens and conservation areas.
Disease Management of Melicope makahae
Disease management plays a crucial role in the growth and production of Melicope makahae. Here are some common diseases that may affect the plant:
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease commonly occurring in wet conditions. The infected leaves turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, remove the infected leaves and use fungicide.
- Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that causes the roots to decay and results in poor growth. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to root rot. To manage this disease, ensure that the soil is well-drained or use a fungicide.
- Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that produces white powdery spots on the leaves. It can be prevented by maintaining good air circulation around the plant and using a fungicide.
Pest Management of Melicope makahae
Pests can also affect the growth and yield of Melicope makahae. Here are some common pests that may affect the plant:
- Aphids: Aphids are small insects that suck the sap from the leaves causing them to wilt. They can be removed by spraying the plants with a strong jet of water or using insecticidal soap.
- Mealybugs: Mealybugs are small white insects that also suck sap from the leaves. They can be removed by wiping the leaves with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol or using insecticidal soap.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars are voracious feeders that cause severe damage to the leaves. They can be controlled by physically removing them from the plant or using biological insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis.
