Origin
Melica neesii Stapf is a perennial grass species that is native to Ethiopia. It is widely distributed within the sub-Saharan region of Africa, where it can be found in various plant communities, including savannas, woodlands, and grasslands.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Nees' Melic Grass or simply Melic Grass. In Ethiopia, it is known by various names in different dialects, including "Kelese" in Oromo and "Bihane" in Amharic.
Uses
Melica neesii Stapf has various uses, particularly in Ethiopia where it is widely grown. The plant is known for its high-quality forage, which is used for livestock feed. It is also used as a medicinal herb in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, digestive problems, and respiratory infections.
General Appearance
Melica neesii Stapf is a tufted grass that typically grows up to 50 cm tall. The stem is slender and erect, with leaves that are long and narrow, measuring about 20 cm long and 1 cm wide. The inflorescence is a spike-like panicle that is 10-15 cm long and has numerous flowers. The flowers are greenish-yellow, and the fruit is a small caryopsis that is about 2 mm long and 1 mm wide.
hereLight Requirements
Melica neesii Stapf typically grows in areas with partial shade to full sunlight. Direct sunlight may cause the plant to wilt or burn out, so it is recommended to provide partial shade during peak daylight hours. However, too much shade can result in weak stems and yellowing leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is native to montane regions and can tolerate cool to warm temperatures. It grows well in areas with a temperature range of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius. Extreme heat or cold can cause stunted growth or even kill the plant. Therefore, it is important to provide moderate temperatures within the recommended range.
Soil Requirements
Melica neesii Stapf grows well in well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH between 6.0 and 7.0. However, the plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clayey soils. It is important to maintain consistent moisture in the soil without waterlogging, as this can cause root rot and damage the plant's growth.
Cultivation Methods for Melica neesii Stapf
Melica neesii Stapf prefers to grow in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH level. This plant tolerates full sun to part shade and can be propagated by division or seed sowing.
Watering Needs for Melica neesii Stapf
It is essential to keep the soil consistently moist when watering Melica neesii Stapf. Avoid allowing the soil to dry out, which can lead to stunted growth or plant death. During the summer months, make sure to water more often, especially if the temperatures rise frequently.
Fertilization for Melica neesii Stapf
Use a slow-release fertilizer, such as a granular 10-10-10 formula, in early spring to provide nutrients for the growing season. Additionally, you can supplement with liquid fertilizer regularly throughout the growing season to encourage healthy growth. However, make sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer packaging and avoid over-fertilizing, which can damage the plant.
Pruning for Melica neesii Stapf
Prune Melica neesii Stapf in the early spring before the new growth begins. Cut back the old stems to the base of the plant to encourage new growth. Additionally, you can remove any damaged or diseased foliage or stems at any time of year. Regular pruning helps to maintain the plant's shape and promotes healthy growth.
Propagation of Melica neesii Stapf
Melica neesii Stapf is a graceful, perennial grass that can be propagated through different methods.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is an easy and cost-effective method to propagate Melica neesii. The plant produces viable seeds in the fall season. To propagate the plant through seed, collect the seeds from the ripe seed heads, and remove any debris or chaff. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil that is moist and keep it in a partially shaded area. Germination takes around 20 days, and after germination, transplant the seedlings to individual pots or the garden bed.
Division
Division is another effective propagation method for Melica neesii. Divide the plant in the early spring season, right after the plant awakens from dormancy. To divide the plant, dig up the clump or the root system and separate it into smaller pieces. Each division should have some roots and shoots. Transplant the divisions to individual planting holes and keep the soil moist until they become established.
Cuttings
Propagation through cuttings is a time-consuming method, but it is an efficient way to propagate the plant. Take cuttings from the plant when it is actively growing in the spring season. The cuttings should be 4 to 5 inches long, with at least two nodes. Remove the leaves from the lower end of the cutting and plant it in a well-draining soil mix. Keep the soil moist and place the pot in partial shade. Rooting will take several weeks.
Overall, Melica neesii is a hardy plant that is easy to propagate through various methods. Choose the method that suits your preferences and expertise.
Disease Management for Melica neesii Stapf
There are various fungal diseases that can affect Melica neesii Stapf, such as rust and leaf spot. To manage these diseases, it is essential to provide good air circulation around the plant and avoid overhead watering. Remove any infected plant part and dispose of them away from the garden. Chemical fungicides can also be applied as a last resort, but it's best to consult with a professional before using them.
Pest Management for Melica neesii Stapf
The two main pests that might affect Melica neesii Stapf are leafhoppers and spider mites. These pests can be managed by regularly monitoring the plant and removing any infested leaves. In case of a heavy infestation, treat the plant with insecticidal soap sprays or horticultural oils. Use neem oil as a natural pesticide to avoid any harm to beneficial insects such as bees and ladybugs.
