Introduction
Melasma capense, also known as Cape melasma or Lewakane, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Southern Africa, including Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, and can be found in various habitats such as grasslands, savannas, and woodlands.Description
Melasma capense is an erect, perennial herb that can grow up to 60 cm tall. Its stem is woody at the base and herbaceous above, with branches near the top. The leaves are opposite, ovate to elliptic in shape, and have a rough texture on the upper surface. The flowers are hermaphroditic, light pink to mauve in color, and have four petals and eight stamens. The fruit is a capsule that splits open when ripe.Uses
Melasma capense has a variety of traditional uses. The leaves can be used to make a tea that is believed to have diuretic and laxative properties. In some cultures, the plant is used as a remedy for stomachaches, constipation, and kidney problems. The roots are also used in traditional medicine, either dried and powdered or boiled, to treat diarrhea, respiratory infections, and fever. In addition, the plant has some commercial uses. The wood is used for carving and the plant is grown as an ornamental in some gardens because of its attractive flowers.Conclusion
Melasma capense, or Cape melasma, is a useful and versatile plant that has traditional and commercial uses. Its attractive flowers and woody stems make it a popular choice for ornamental gardens, while its leaves and roots have a long history of use in traditional medicine for a range of ailments. With its natural distribution across Southern Africa, this plant continues to be an important resource for local people and industries.Light Requirements
Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern plants require full sunlight exposure in order to grow properly. They thrive in areas with unobstructed sunlight and have been known to grow well in areas with intense direct sunlight for extended periods of time. Therefore, it is recommended that the plant be placed in an open area with plenty of natural light.
Temperature Requirements
Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern plants thrive in warm temperatures. The ideal temperature for growth is between 20 to 25 degrees Celsius. They can also tolerate temperatures ranging from 15 degrees Celsius at night to 30 degrees Celsius during the day. However, they may not be able to survive in temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the growth conditions should be maintained within the recommended temperature range for optimal growth.
Soil Requirements
The ideal soil for Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern plants is well-draining soil with a pH level of 5.5 to 7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter, such as compost or aged manure, and should be moist but not waterlogged. They can tolerate a range of soils, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, as long as the soil is well-draining. It is important to note that the plant may not grow well in heavy, compaction-prone soil. Therefore, it is recommended to add organic matter to the soil before planting.
Cultivation Methods
Melasma capense is a lovely plant that requires a well-draining soil mix to thrive. It can be grown in a pot or container, or in a garden bed. This plant loves partial sunlight and temperatures that range from warm to hot.
When cultivating Melasma capense, it is important to choose a location that offers adequate drainage and airflow. A soil pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is ideal for this plant. It is also important to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.
Watering Needs
Melasma capense requires regular watering to stay healthy. When grown in a pot or container, it is best to water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. In very hot weather, it may be necessary to water more often.
When grown in the garden, it is important to water evenly to ensure that the roots stay hydrated. However, avoid waterlogging the plant by not watering too frequently.
Fertilization
For optimal growth and flowering, fertilize Melasma capense once a month during the growing season. You can use a balanced fertilizer with equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Alternatively, you can use a slow-release fertilizer designed for flowering plants.
When applying fertilizer, it is important not to over-fertilize as this can cause damage to the plant. Follow the instructions on the packaging regarding the amount and frequency of application.
Pruning
Pruning is another essential aspect of Melasma capense's care. Regular pruning will help the plant to maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. It is best to prune in the spring or early summer before the flowering season begins.
When pruning, use sharp and clean pruning tools to prevent the spread of diseases. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches and stems. You can also trim back any leggy or overgrown branches to promote bushier growth.
Propagation methods for Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern
Melasma capense, commonly known as the Cape black salwood, is an evergreen tree native to southern Africa. It is often used for its durable wood and is gaining popularity as a specimen plant in gardens. Propagation of Melasma capense can be done using several methods such as seeds, cuttings, and layering.
Propagation by seeds
The easiest way to propagate Melasma capense is through seeds collected from the tree after the fruit has ripened. The seeds should be sown immediately in well-draining soil and covered with a thin layer of sand. Keep the soil moist and placed in a warm location until germination occurs, which can take several weeks. It is important to note that seeds of Melasma capense have a low viability rate and must be used fresh.
Propagation by cuttings
The hardwood cuttings of Melasma capense can be taken in winter when the plant is dormant. These cuttings should be around 10-20cm, with at least two buds, and should have a diagonal cut at the base. Dip the base of the cutting into rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining soil mixture, placing it in a warm location with high humidity. Roots will usually form within 4-8 weeks.
Propagation by layering
This propagation method involves bending a low-hanging branch of the Melasma capense towards the ground and pinning it in place. A hole should be dug beneath the branch, and the branch should be covered with soil. Roots will develop at the point where the branch touches the soil. After a few months, the rooted branch can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted to a new location.
Disease Management
Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern is susceptible to various fungal diseases such as leaf spot, powdery mildew, and root rot. To prevent fungal diseases, it is important to maintain good cultural practices by ensuring adequate sunlight, proper drainage, and sufficient air circulation.
When a fungal infection occurs, removal of infected plant material is crucial to prevent the further spread of the disease. Applying fungicides can also be an effective management strategy. Organic fungicides such as sulphur, baking soda, and neem oil can control fungal diseases without harming the environment. Chemical fungicides should be a last resort, and their application should follow all necessary safety precautions.
Pest Management
Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern is also vulnerable to different insect pests such as mealybugs, aphids, spider mites, and thrips. Regularly inspecting plants for the early signs of pest infestations is crucial to prevent the spread of pests. Physical removal by handpicking larger insects and wiping off smaller ones with a cloth or cotton swab are simple methods to control pests.
Natural predators such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps can also control pest populations. Using organic insecticides such as insecticidal soap, neem oil, and vinegar solutions can also control pests. However, chemical insecticides should only be used when other management strategies have failed, and the infestation presents a significant threat to the plants.
