Description of Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei (DC.) Wild
Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei (DC.) Wild is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. The plant is native to sub-Saharan Africa and can be found in countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa.
Common Names
The plant is known by several common names, including climbing black-eyed Susan, black-eyed creeper, and tshikavha.
Uses
Melanthera scandens has several medicinal uses among indigenous people in Africa. The plant's leaves and roots are used to treat malaria, fever, and other ailments. The plant is also known for its edible tubers, which are used in traditional African cuisine. In addition, the plant is sometimes used as a natural dye.
General Appearance
Melanthera scandens is a climbing perennial plant that can reach up to 3 meters in height. The plant has slender stems and branches with bright green leaves that have a pointed oval shape and a rough texture. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stems and have prominent veins. The plant produces clusters of small yellow flowers with black centers that resemble a black-eyed Susan. The fruit of the plant is a small achene that is dispersed by the wind.
Light Requirements
Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei grows optimally in full sun or partial shade. This plant can tolerate direct sunlight for several hours a day, but temperatures may lead to wilting of leaves and flowers during hot afternoons. On the other hand, when grown in the shade, this plant may have lanky and elongated stems, resulting in reduced vigor and lower flower count. Therefore, a balance between direct sun and shade is ideal for Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei, promoting lush foliage and prolific blooming.
Temperature Requirements
Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei grows well in a range of temperatures, but performs best in warm conditions. Ideally, the daytime temperature should be between 25°C and 32°C, while the nighttime temperature should not drop below 10°C. Temperatures below 10°C can cause damage to the leaves, resulting in stunted growth and fewer flowers. This plant is sensitive to frost, and exposure to sub-zero temperatures can quickly kill the plant. Therefore, it is vital to protect Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei from frost by covering it during colder months.
Soil Requirements
Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei thrives in well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH range between 6.0 - 7.5. This plant can tolerate a range of soils, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils, as long as drainage is adequate. If the soil is waterlogged, root rot may occur, leading to a rapid decline in plant health. It is, therefore, necessary to improve soil drainage when planting Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei by adding organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure.
Cultivation of Melanthera Scandens Subsp. Dregei
Melanthera scandens, also known as "climbing bone flower," is a hardy plant that requires minimal maintenance once established. It is commonly found growing wild in rocky outcrops, dry woodlands, and grasslands in southern Africa. To successfully cultivate this plant, the following tips should be taken into consideration.
Watering Needs
Watering should be done moderately, especially if the plant is grown in well-drained soils. It is important to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot and fungal diseases. During dry periods, it is recommended to water this plant once or twice a week, depending on the soil moisture content. Once the plant is established, it can do well with natural rainfall.
Fertilization
While the Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei plant is not a heavy feeder, it can benefit from occasional fertilization. A well-balanced, slow-release fertilizer should be applied during the growing season from spring to summer. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions and avoid overfeeding the plant, as it can lead to an excessive buildup of salts in the soil.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for this plant. However, occasional trimming of the branches can help maintain an attractive shape and encourage bushier growth. This can be done in late winter or early spring before the new growth starts. Diseased or damaged branches should be removed promptly to prevent the spread of infections.
Propagation of Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei
Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei, also known as Drege's Melanthera, is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is native to Africa and grows in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and savannas.
Propagation by Seed
The most common propagation method for Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei is by seed. Collect seeds from mature plants, as they ripen. It is recommended to use fresh seeds as they have a higher chance of germination. To increase the chances of successful germination, you can soak the seeds in warm water for a few hours before planting.
Sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mix, and cover them lightly with the soil mix. Ensure that the soil is kept moist with regular watering. Place the container in a warm and bright location, as warmth and light are needed for the seeds to germinate.
After germination, transplant the seedlings to individual pots or a desired outdoor location.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is also possible for Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei. Take cuttings in the spring or summer from fully matured plants for best results. The cuttings should be around 10 cm in length. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in hormone rooting powder.
Insert the cutting into moist soil in a container or outdoor location, taking care not to damage the rooting hormone on the cut end. Provide the cutting with a humid environment by covering the container with a plastic bag or a clear plastic container. Keep the soil moist by regularly watering the cutting.
The cutting should develop roots in 6-8 weeks. Once enough roots have developed, transplant the cutting to its permanent location.
Disease Management
Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei (DC.) Wild is a wild plant that is mostly resistant to diseases. However, certain environmental conditions can lead to diseases. Some of the common diseases that affect this plant are:
- Leaf Spot: This disease is characterized by small, circular brown or black spots on the leaves. It can spread quickly and cause the leaves to wither and die. To manage this disease, it is advisable to remove the infected leaves and destroy them. Also, avoid watering the plant from above to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Powdery Mildew: This is a fungal disease that appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves. It can lead to stunted growth and reduced yield. To manage this disease, use fungicides and avoid overcrowding the plants.
Pest Management
There are also some pests that can affect the growth and yield of Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei (DC.) Wild. These include:
- Aphids: These are small insects that suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. They can cause deformities in the leaves and stunt the growth of the plant. To manage them, use insecticides or encourage the natural predators of aphids, such as ladybugs.
- Caterpillars: These are the larvae of moths and butterflies and can cause extensive damage to the leaves. To manage them, handpick the caterpillars or use natural predators such as birds.
- Spider Mites: These are small arachnids that feed on the underside of the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and eventually die. To manage them, use insecticides or blast them off the plant with a strong stream of water.
Overall, it is important to regularly inspect the Melanthera scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei (DC.) Wild plant to detect any signs of diseases or pests. Early detection will make it easier to manage and prevent the spread of the problem.
