Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini Description
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini is a species of plant in the Fabaceae family, commonly known as "Button Clover". It is a herbaceous annual or biennial plant that typically grows from 10-35cm in height. The stems are erect and branching, covered with fine hairs that are pressed flat to the stem. The leaves are pinnate with 3-6 leaflets, each leaflet being around 1cm long and 0.5cm wide, and are covered with short hairs. The flowers of M. orbicularis are small and yellow, growing in small groups at the end of the stems.
Origin and Distribution
Medicago orbicularis is native to the Mediterranean region, but it has been introduced to many other parts of the world. It is commonly found in arid and semi-arid habitats, including grasslands, shrublands, and disturbed areas. Its range extends from North Africa and the Middle East through southern and central Europe, and it has also been introduced to Australia, South Africa, and the southwestern United States.
Uses
Medicago orbicularis has been used in traditional medicine for various ailments, including as a diuretic, laxative, and to treat skin disorders. It is also used as a forage crop for grazing animals and as a green manure crop to improve soil fertility. The seeds of M. orbicularis have a high oil content, making them an attractive source of biodiesel fuel.
General Appearance
Medicago orbicularis is a small and delicate looking plant, with its small yellow flowers standing out against the green foliage. The plant is well-suited to harsh environments, with its fine hairs helping to reduce water loss and protect it from herbivores. Its small size and rapid growth make it a useful plant for stabilizing soil, and it is often found growing in disturbed areas such as roadside verges and abandoned fields.
Light Requirements
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini generally requires full sun for optimal growth; however, it can also tolerate partial shade. It is not recommended to grow this plant in full shade as it can lead to poor growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini is a Mediterranean plant, so it is adapted to warm and dry climates. It grows best in temperatures of around 20-25°C during the day and 15-20°C at night. In cooler temperatures, the growth of the plant may slow down, and it may become more susceptible to disease.
Soil Requirements
This plant prefers well-draining soils with a pH of 6-7.5. As with most legumes, it has an association with rhizobia that allows it to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into a form that can be utilized by the plant. Therefore, it does not require a high level of soil fertility. It is also tolerant to drought and can survive in sandy soils with low organic matter content.
Cultivation Methods
Medicago orbicularis, also known as button medick, is a herbaceous perennial plant that prefers full sun to partial shade. It requires well-draining soils with a neutral pH level and can tolerate moderate drought. The plant can be propagated through seeds or by division of the root ball in the spring or fall.
Watering Needs
The plants should be watered regularly, especially during the first growing season, to establish a deep root system. However, overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. The soil should be allowed to dry out slightly between waterings.
Fertilization
The plant can benefit from fertilization with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in the spring or fall. Be sure not to apply too much fertilizer, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced flowering.
Pruning
Medicago orbicularis requires little pruning, but deadheading spent blooms can help prolong flowering and promote a neater appearance. If the plant begins to grow too tall and spindly, it can be cut back by about one-third in the spring to encourage new growth.
Propagation of Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini
Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini, commonly referred to as "round alfalfa," is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. This plant species is native to the Mediterranean region and can serve as forage for herbivorous animals. Propagation of this plant can be done through several methods which include:
Seed Propagation
Using seeds to propagate Medicago orbicularis is the most common method. The plants produce seeds in late spring or early summer, and they should be harvested when the pods start to show signs of yellowing. The seeds can then be cleaned, dried, and stored in a cool, dry place until the following planting season. The seeds can be sowed directly in the field or in trays in a greenhouse before transplanting them to the field.
Cuttings Propagation
Medicago orbicularis can also be propagated through cuttings. Stem cuttings are taken, preferably during the early morning or late afternoon hours. The cuttings are then dipped into a rooting hormone, and placed in a suitable medium such as sand or perlite. It is important to ensure that the medium is kept moist to promote rooting. After the roots have developed, the cuttings can be transplanted to a field or a permanent pot.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is another method through which Medicago orbicularis can be propagated. The plant can be dug up during its dormant season, and the rhizomes placed on a flat surface before using a sharp tool to divide them into smaller sections. Each section should contain at least one growth bud. The sections can then be replanted into the field or a permanent container.
Disease and Pest Management for Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartalini
Medicago orbicularis, also known as Button Clover, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is widely cultivated for its high-quality hay and forage. However, like other crops, it is vulnerable to diseases and pests that can reduce its yield and quality. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions for managing them.
Common Diseases
Phoma medicaginis is a fungal disease that causes leaf spots and stem cankers. Infected plants show yellowing, wilting, and premature defoliation. The fungus can survive in infected plant debris and soil. Crop rotation, sanitation, and seed treatment with fungicides can help prevent its spread.
Anthracnose is another fungal disease that causes leaf spots and lesions on stems and pods. It is prevalent in humid and warm climates, especially during periods of high rainfall. Crop rotation, sanitation, and fungicide applications can help control the disease. Planting resistant varieties can also help reduce the risk of infection.
Verticillium wilt is a fungal disease that affects the vascular system of the plant, causing wilting and yellowing. It is difficult to control once established in the soil. Crop rotation, fumigation, and soil solarization can help reduce its impact.
Common Pests
Aphids are small insects that feed on the plant sap, causing stunted growth and yellowing. They also excrete a sticky substance that attracts other pests and promotes the growth of sooty mold. Regular scouting and the use of insecticidal soap or neem oil can help manage the population. Introducing natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings can also help control the infestation.
Clover Root Curculio is a beetle that feeds on the clover plant's roots, causing wilting and death. Crop rotation, soil fumigation, and planting resistant varieties can help prevent its damage.
Clover Mites are tiny arachnids that feed on the plant sap, causing stippling and discoloration of the leaves. They are not harmful to humans or animals but can be a nuisance. Spraying the plants with a stream of water can help dislodge them. Applying a horticultural oil or soap can also help control the infestation.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests in Medicago orbicularis requires a combination of preventive measures, cultural practices, and chemical control. Regular monitoring, crop rotation, sanitation, and use of resistant varieties can help reduce the risk of infection. Whenever chemical control is necessary, it is essential to follow the label instructions carefully and use the appropriate protective gear.
