Origin
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. stolzii N.Robson is a species of shrub in the genus Maytenus. It is native to Southern Africa, specifically Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as "Mountain Ironwood," "Mountain Maytenus," "Rooiberg-Magwas," and "Uthabani" in South Africa. Meanwhile, in Zimbabwe, it is referred to as "Mutibaba."
Uses
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. stolzii N.Robson is used for a wide range of purposes such as firewood, timber, charcoal, and traditional medicine. The bark of the plant can treat various ailments such as stomach issues, diarrhea, constipation, and rheumatism. Some communities in Southern Africa use it to induce vomiting, relieve pain, and as a contraceptive.
General Appearance
The plant can grow up to a height of about 3-6 meters and has a spreading canopy. Its bark is dark brown, with fissures on the surface, and the leaves are dark green with a glossy appearance. Its flowers are small and yellowish-green, while the fruit is a small, round capsule that turns reddish-brown as they mature. The plant has a deep root system making it suitable for areas with limited water.
Light Requirements
Maytenus mossambicensis var. stolzii requires partly shaded to fully sunny areas for optimal growth. In areas with extremely high temperatures, partial shade during the hottest part of the day may be necessary.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm temperatures, ranging from 20°C to 25°C. It can tolerate temperatures up to 35°C but may require partial shade in such conditions. Frost or freezing conditions can damage this plant.
Soil Requirements
Maytenus mossambicensis var. stolzii prefers well-draining and moderately fertile soil. It can grow in sandy, loamy and clay soils. The ideal soil pH range for this plant is between 5.5 to 7.5.
The plant may not handle waterlogged soil or soil with poor drainage; therefore, it is recommended to amend the soil with organic matter to improve soil conditioning and drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. stolzii N.Robson, commonly known as Stolz's gutta-percha tree, is native to Southern Africa. It thrives in warm temperatures and can tolerate shade or full sun exposure.
To cultivate this plant, you need well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Ensure that the soil is moist and rich in nutrients but not waterlogged.
Watering Needs
Maytenus mossambicensis requires moderate watering, preferably once a week, even during the dry season. However, avoid overwatering the plant as it may lead to root rot. Check the plant's soil moisture content regularly and increase or decrease watering frequency based on the results.
Fertilization
The gutta-percha tree requires regular fertilization to boost its growth. Apply a balanced fertilizer that has equal levels of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. It would be best to fertilize the plant during the growing season, typically in spring. Follow the recommended dosage on the label to avoid over-fertilization.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to keep the plant healthy and looking good. You should prune the Maytenus mossambicensis when the blooming season ends, which is usually in late summer. Trim the overgrown or dead branches to promote growth and maintain the plant's shape. Be careful not to cut too much of the plant, as it can lead to damage and stunted growth.
Propagation of Maytenus mossambicensis var. stolzii
Maytenus mossambicensis var. stolzii is a rare tree species that is endemic to Zambia. Propagation of this plant can be done using several methods including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and air-layering.
Seed propagation
The plant's seeds are collected when they have ripened, and sowing is best done immediately. Seeds are planted in a well-prepared seedbed, with a mix of good quality soil and compost. Seeds are then covered lightly with soil, and the bed is watered gently. Germination occurs within three weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots when they are about one inch tall.
Stem cutting propagation
Stem cuttings are collected during the growth period when the plant is actively producing new shoots. Cuttings should be from healthy, mature trees and should be about six inches long. Cuttings are then trimmed so as to have no leaves, treated with a rooting hormone, planted in well-prepared potting soil or compost mix, and covered with a clear plastic bag to retain moisture. Rooting occurs within six to eight weeks, and the cuttings can be transplanted to individual pots when the plants are about six inches tall.
Air-layering
Air-layering is ideal for larger, more established plants. Air-layering is done by removing a ring of bark about one inch wide from a stem, inserting moss around the cut area, and wrapping the moss and cut area with plastic to hold the moisture. New roots should form within six to eight weeks, at which point the plant can be separated from the mother plant and potted.
Disease and Pest Management for Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. stolzii N.Robson
Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. stolzii N.Robson, commonly known as the African Maytenus, is a plant species that is relatively resistant to diseases and pests. However, there are still a few issues that can affect its growth and health. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect the African Maytenus, along with ways to manage them:
Diseases
Anthracnose: Anthracnose is a fungal infection that can cause the leaves of the African Maytenus to become discolored and distorted. To manage anthracnose, you can apply a fungicide to the affected areas. However, it is essential to avoid overwatering the plant as excess moisture can promote the growth of the fungus.
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that can cause the African Maytenus to wilt and die. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil has adequate drainage and that the plant is not overwatered. If the plant is already affected, you can try to improve the soil's drainage or use a fungicide to prevent further damage.
Pests
Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped pests that can attach themselves to the African Maytenus' stems and leaves, causing them to turn yellow and wither. To manage scale insects, you can use a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap to control their population. Alternatively, you can physically remove them using a soft, damp cloth.
Aphids: Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that can attack the African Maytenus' tender growth, causing them to curl and turn yellow. To manage aphids, you can use insecticidal soap or horticultural oil to control their population. Alternatively, you can spray the plants with water to dislodge them.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larval stage of moths and butterflies, and they can feed on the African Maytenus' leaves, causing them to become skeletonized. To manage caterpillars, you can physically remove them or use a biological insecticide that targets them specifically.
By being aware of these common diseases and pests and taking preventive measures, it is possible to ensure the health and growth of the African Maytenus. In case of severe damage, consulting a professional may be necessary.
