Origin
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball is a flowering plant that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. It is native to the Mediterranean region, but due to its popularity, it has spread to other parts of the world, including North America and Asia.
Common Names
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball is commonly known as the Evening Scented Stock plant or Bicornuate Stock. Other common names include Night Scented Stock and Night Violet.
Uses
The Evening Scented Stock plant is widely cultivated for its fragrant flowers, which emit a sweet, irresistible scent at night. Because of their intense fragrance, the flowers are used to produce essential oils and perfumes. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory disorders and other ailments. Additionally, the Evening Scented Stock plant is grown as an ornamental plant in gardens due to its delicate beauty and sweet scent.
General Appearance
The Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball plant generally grows to a height of 20-30 cm and has slender, erect stems. Its leaves are narrow and lance-shaped, with a blue-green color and a smooth texture. The plant produces small, four-petaled, star-shaped flowers that bloom in clusters. The flowers have a white or pale pink color and emit a strong fragrance, especially in the evening. Additionally, the plant develops elongated seed pods that are bicornuate, giving it its name "Bicornuate Stock."
Light Requirements
Matthiola longipetala ssp. bicornis requires full sun exposure to grow and thrive. It is important to provide ample sunlight to the plant, at least 6-8 hours per day. Insufficient light may result in stunted growth, weak stems, and poor flower development.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Matthiola longipetala ssp. bicornis growth is between 60°F to 75°F (16°C to 24°C). It prefers cooler temperatures and can withstand mild frost. High temperatures above 80°F (27°C) may lead to heat stress and reduced growth.
Soil Requirements
Matthiola longipetala ssp. bicornis prefers well-draining and fertile soil to grow. A loamy or sandy soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5 is ideal. It can tolerate slightly alkaline soil but may experience nutrient deficiencies in highly acidic soil. Adding organic matter such as compost can improve soil quality and promote healthy growth.
Cultivation methods
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball, commonly referred to as Night Scented Stock, is an annual herbaceous plant that is easy to grow in most soil types. It flourishes in cool climate zones and is an excellent addition to rock gardens or borders in landscapes. The plant prefers well-drained soil and direct sunlight. It is best to plant seeds in the fall or early spring.Watering needs
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball requires moderate watering. The plant must be watered regularly, but it is advisable to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged. During the hotter summer months, it may be necessary to water more frequently.Fertilization
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball requires very little fertilization. A well-draining soil mix enriched with compost is sufficient. Additionally, applying a balanced fertilizer monthly can be beneficial only if the plant shows signs of slow growth.Pruning
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball does not require extensive pruning. However, pruning can help to encourage bushier growth and produce more flowers. Pinching off the stem tips regularly can promote bushier growth. Additionally, cutting off spent flowers regularly can stimulate the plant to produce new ones.Propagation of Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball, commonly known as two-horned night-scented stock, is a perennial herb that produces fragrant flowers. Propagation of this plant can be achieved through various methods, including:
Seeds
Seeds are the most common method of propagating Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball. To grow the plant from seeds, it is important to first obtain mature seeds from a reputable source. Sow the seeds in a well-draining potting mix and cover lightly with soil. Keep the soil moist, and germination should occur within two to three weeks.
Cuttings
Propagation of Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball can be done through stem cuttings. Take cuttings from mature stems and remove the leaves from the bottom-third of the stem. Dip the cut end in a rooting hormone and place in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and warm, and roots should develop within a few weeks.
Division
If the plant has become too large, it can be divided into smaller sections for propagation. Carefully dig up the plant, and separate the plant into smaller sections, ensuring each section has a good root system. Replant the sections in a well-prepared bed or containers, and water thoroughly.
Propagation of Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball is relatively easy and can be achieved through seeds, cuttings, or division. With proper care, you can easily increase your stock of this fragrant plant.
Disease Management
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball is prone to a few diseases which can impact its growth and development. One common disease is powdery mildew, which is characterized by a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage this disease, it's important to ensure proper spacing between plants to increase air circulation and reduce humidity. Additionally, removing infected leaves or stems immediately can help prevent the spread of the disease. Fungicides can also be an effective way to manage powdery mildew, but should only be used as a last resort.
Another disease that can affect Matthiola longipetala is gray mold, which is caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. It often thrives in cool, damp environments and can result in a soft, mushy decay of plant tissues. To prevent the onset of gray mold, ensure proper spacing of plants, good ventilation, and avoid getting the leaves or flowers wet during watering. Applying a fungicide can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibthorp & Sm.) P.W. Ball is also vulnerable to some pests which can cause damage to the plant. One common pest is the aphid, which feeds on the sap from the plant. If left unchecked, aphids can quickly reproduce and cause significant damage to the plant. To control aphids, try spraying the plant with a strong jet of water, as this can dislodge the insects. Alternatively, insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be effective pest control options.
Another pest that can infect Matthiola longipetala is the spider mite, which is a tiny pest that feeds on the undersides of leaves. Infestations are often characterized by a web-like substance on the plant. To manage spider mites, try increasing humidity around the plant by misting or grouping plants together. Insecticidal soaps or oils can also be used to control spider mites.
Finally, the caterpillar is another common pest that can cause damage to the plant. These insects feed on the leaves of the plant, often leaving large holes behind. Handpicking caterpillars and removing them from the plant is an effective way to manage this pest. Alternatively, applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can also help reduce caterpillar populations.
