Overview
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is a plant species belonging to the Brassicaceae family. The plant is endemic to the African country of Ethiopia. It is a herbaceous plant with ornamental and medicinal use.
Appearance
The plant grows up to a height of 30 cm. It has various lateral branches from the base. Leaves are basal and stem leaves are also present. The leaves are simple, entire and have an oblong shape. The stem and leaves of the plant are covered with silky hairs. The flower is purple in colour, small in size and it is arranged in a raceme. The fruit is in a capsule form with seeds inside it.
Common Names
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. has several common names in Ethiopia, including Tultu in Oromifa language, and Garaamii in Amharic language.
Uses
The plant has ornamental value because of its attractive purple flowers. The flowers bloom in spring and summer, proving to be a beautiful addition to gardens and lawns. The plant is also known for its medicinal uses in Ethiopia, where it is traditionally used as a remedy for stomach ache, fever and for improving appetite. The seeds of the plant are also crushed and used to treat skin diseases, including eczema. Additionally, Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is a valuable source of essential oil, which is used in the perfume industry and for aromatherapy purposes.
Growth Conditions for Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f.
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is a plant species native to the Himalayan mountain ranges in Bhutan, India, and Nepal. It is commonly known as Himalayan alpine wallflower and belongs to the family Brassicaceae. This plant is known for its delicate pale to deep pink flowers that bloom in spring and summer. To ensure the proper growth and development of Matthiola dimolehensis, several factors concerning light, temperature, soil, and water need to be considered.
Light Requirements
Matthiola dimolehensis requires full sunlight to partial shade for proper growth. It thrives in well-lit areas that receive sunlight for at least 6 hours daily. However, too much sun exposure may cause the plant to wilt, and the delicate flowers to dry out and fall off. Therefore, providing partial shade during the day may be necessary, especially during hot weather conditions.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature for Matthiola dimolehensis growth ranges between 10 – 20°C. This plant can tolerate low temperatures of up to -5°C during winter as it goes dormant. On the other hand, temperatures above 25°C are harmful and may retard plant growth and development, especially when coupled with inadequate water supply. Therefore, it's best to grow Himalayan alpine wallflower in temperate climates.
Soil Requirements
Matthiola dimolehensis grows well in moist, well-draining soils. The ideal soil pH should range between neutral to slightly acidic (pH 6.0- 7.0). This plant requires adequate organic matter content; therefore, regular addition of compost or other organic matter to the soil is necessary. This species also positively responds to an application of slow-release fertilizers during the growing season.
Water Requirements
Himalayan alpine wallflower requires moderate watering, especially during the growing season. The soil should not be allowed to dry out completely, as the plant may wilt and dry out. However, it's essential not to overwater, as too much water may cause the roots to rot or encourage fungal diseases. Mulching the soil can help maintain moisture levels and restrict weed growth.
Overall, providing the proper growth conditions will lead to successful growth and development of Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f.
Cultivation methods
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f., also known as Dimolah Wallflower, is a hardy plant that requires a sunny spot and well-drained soil to thrive. You can grow this plant both indoors and outdoors. If growing indoors, use a potting mix rich in organic matter, such as compost and vermiculite. Make sure the pot has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging in the soil. When planting outdoors, choose a spot with full sun exposure and sandy soil to ensure good drainage.
Watering needs
The Dimolah Wallflower requires moderate watering throughout the growing season to prevent the soil from drying out. However, it is crucial to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Water the plant when the top inch of the soil feels dry to the touch. Watering once a week during the growing season will suffice, while reducing the frequency during the colder months of the year is recommended.
Fertilization
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is a low-maintenance plant that does not require frequent fertilization. However, you can supplement the soil with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every four to six weeks during the growing season for a healthy growth. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to burnt and damaged leaves.
Pruning
Pruning is not essential for the Dimolah Wallflower, but it can promote bushier growth and more flowers. You can pinch back the tips of the plant to create fuller growth or remove any dead or damaged leaves and stems to keep the plant looking neat. Pruning should be done during the growing season, and always use a clean, sharp pruner to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f.
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f., commonly known as the Beirut Stock, is propagated through seed sowing, stem cuttings, and division of clumps.
Seed sowing
The seeds of Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. can be sown in seed tray or pots filled with well-draining soil mix under partial to full sun exposure. The ideal time to sow the seeds is in the early spring or autumn when the temperature ranges between 18-24°C. The seeds are sown at a depth of 2-3 mm and should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist. The seeds usually take 10-14 days for germination, and seedlings can be transplanted to their final location after they develop their second pair of true leaves.
Stem cuttings
Stem cuttings from mature plants of Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. can be taken during mid-spring or summer when the plant is in its growth phase. The cuttings, 7-10 cm long, are taken from the node regions of the stem. The bottom ends of the cuttings are dipped in rooting hormone, and then they are planted in well-draining soil mix. The cuttings are then watered and kept in a warm, humid, and shaded place. Generally, rooting should occur within 3-4 weeks, and the plant can be transplanted to their final location once it has established roots.
Division of clumps
The clumps of Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. can be divided during early spring or autumn when the plant is dormant. The plant should be carefully dug out from the soil, and the roots must be separated into smaller clumps. The separated clumps can then be replanted into their desired location after improving the soil quality by adding organic matter and a well-balanced fertilizer. The plant should be watered frequently to avoid dehydration until they have established their roots.
Disease Management
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is susceptible to various diseases, including:
- Downy mildew: This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in humid conditions. Symptoms include yellowing of leaves and the development of a grayish-white coating on the undersides of the leaves. It can be managed by removing infected plants and ensuring proper air circulation and adequate watering.
- Root rot: Caused by soil-borne pathogens, root rot can result in stunted growth, wilting, and the eventual death of the plant. The disease can be managed by ensuring proper drainage and avoiding overwatering. Fungicides may also be effective in managing the disease.
- Botrytis blight: This disease is caused by a fungus that thrives in humid conditions and can result in the development of gray mold on the leaves and flowers. It can be managed by removing infected plant parts and providing proper airflow and adequate spacing between plants.
Pest Management
Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. is also susceptible to various pests, including:
- Aphids: Small insects that feed on plant sap and can result in distorted growth and the production of a sticky substance on the leaves. Aphids can be managed by introducing natural predators like ladybugs or by spraying the plants with a solution of water and dish soap.
- Spider mites: Tiny pests that feed on the plant's tissues and can result in the development of yellow or brown spots on the leaves. They can be managed by regularly spraying the underside of the leaves with water and introducing natural predators like lacewings or ladybugs.
- Cabbage loopers: Caterpillars that can feed on the leaves of the Matthiola dimolehensis Baker f. plant, resulting in holes and damage. These pests can be managed by handpicking them off the plants or by introducing natural predators like birds or wasps.
It is important to regularly monitor plants for signs of disease or pest infestations and to take appropriate measures to manage and prevent their spread.
