Origin and Common Names
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro var. pubescens (Terry) Clute, commonly known as the hairy ostrich fern, is a plant species native to North America.
In the United States, it is commonly found in the eastern states and is known by various names, including American ostrich fern, shuttlecock fern, and vegetable fern.
Uses
The hairy ostrich fern has a variety of uses in both traditional and modern medicine. It has been used by Native Americans as a natural remedy for various ailments, including fever and respiratory issues.
In addition to its medicinal uses, the hairy ostrich fern is also used as a vegetable in some cultures. The young shoots are edible and have a taste similar to asparagus.
General Appearance
The hairy ostrich fern can grow up to 6 feet tall and is characterized by its unique fronds that resemble the plumes of an ostrich. The fronds are dark green and have a feathery, lacy texture.
The plant gets its name from the fine hairs that cover the fronds and stems. These hairs give the plant a soft, fuzzy appearance and protect it from herbivores.
The hairy ostrich fern prefers moist, shady areas and is often found growing in forests and along stream banks. It is easy to grow and makes a great addition to any garden or landscape, adding texture and interest to shaded areas.
Light Requirements
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens typically grows in partially shaded to fully shaded areas. It can tolerate some direct sunlight, but too much can cause the fronds to wilt. It is best to provide a mix of sun and shade to promote healthy growth.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers moderate temperatures ranging from 55-75°F/13-24°C. It can tolerate some frost and freezes, but extended periods of freezing temperatures can damage or kill the plant. In warmer climates, it may require some protection from intense heat and direct sunlight.
Soil Requirements
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens prefers well-draining, moist soils that are rich in organic matter. It can grow in a range of soil types, including sand, loam, and clay. The soil should have a pH between 5.0-7.0. The plant can tolerate occasional flooding, but should not be in standing water for extended periods of time.
Cultivation Methods
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro var. pubescens (Terry) Clute, commonly known as Ostrich Fern, is a perennial plant that is native to North America. It is a striking fern that grows up to 3-6 feet high and has lovely, dark green, feathery fronds that resemble ostrich plumes.
The Ostrich Fern prefers moist, cool, acidic, and well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It thrives in partly to fully shaded areas, making it an excellent addition to woodland gardens, borders, and naturalized landscapes.
When planting Ostrich Fern, it is advisable to add a generous amount of well-rotted compost to the soil for optimal growth. The plant should be spaced at least 3-6 feet apart to allow ample room for its wide spread and prevent overcrowding.
Watering Needs
Ostrich Ferns require regular watering to keep their soil consistently moist. They cannot tolerate drought and will suffer damage if not hydrated effectively. However, do not overwater the ferns, as it may lead to root rot and other fungal infections. It is advisable to water the ferns deeply and less frequently, rather than frequent, shallow watering.
Fertilization
Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro var. pubescens (Terry) Clute does not require excessive fertilizer. However, it will benefit from occasional feeding with a balanced organic fertilizer in early spring before new fronds emerge. Be careful not to over-feed the fern, as this may cause excessive vegetative growth at the expense of strong root development.
Pruning
Ostrich Fern does not extensively require pruning. However, to keep the planting area tidy and maintain its aesthetic appeal, it is advisable to remove any old or faded fronds before the new ones emerge in the spring season. Always sanitize your garden tools before and after pruning to avoid the spread of disease to your healthy plants.
Propagation of Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens, commonly known as hairy- stemmed ostrich fern, is a native plant in the Eastern United States. It is an excellent addition to shady gardens and can be propagated through different methods.
Propagation by spores
Propagation by spores is the most common method for growing Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens. Mature fronds with brown fertile spores need to be collected and placed in a paper bag. The spores can be collected by shaking the bag gently. The collected spores can be sown in a propagation tray filled with moist potting mix and covered with a plastic sheet. After 3 to 4 weeks, small ferns will appear, and once they are big enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual containers.
Propagation by division
Propagation by division can also be done during spring or fall. The clumps of ferns need to be dug out and then divided carefully, ensuring that each clump has a minimum of one crown. The crowns need to be replanted at the same depth as the original plant and watered well. This method is useful when the ferns have overgrown their planting area or when more plants are needed in a garden.
Propagation by rhizome cuttings
Propagation by rhizome cuttings can also be done during the spring season. The rhizomes are cut into sections that are roughly 2 to 3 inches long and have at least one healthy bud. The cuttings can then be planted in a pot filled with damp soil, covered with a plastic sheet, and placed in a shady location. After a few weeks, shoots should appear, indicating that the cutting has successfully rooted. The new plant can then be transplanted into individual containers or the garden.
Disease Management
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens is not highly susceptible to many diseases, but some common diseases affecting this plant include:
- Fungal leaf spots: This disease is caused by fungi such as Cercospora and Ascochyta. It is characterized by circular or irregular brown spots on the leaves. To manage it, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed. Fungicides containing copper or chlorothalonil can also be applied as preventative measures.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by waterlogged soil conditions and fungi such as Phytophthora and Pythium. It leads to wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. To manage it, proper soil drainage and aeration should be ensured. Fungicides such as mefenoxam and metalaxyl can also be used as preventive measures.
Pest Management
Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pubescens is not highly susceptible to many pests, but some common pests affecting this plant include:
- Spider mites: These are tiny arachnids that suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing and wilting. To manage them, spraying the plant with water and the use of insecticidal soap can provide some relief.
- Slugs and snails: These pests feed on the foliage of the plant, leaving holes and causing wilting. To manage them, physical barriers such as copper tape or diatomaceous earth can be used to prevent their entry. Baits containing iron phosphate or metaldehyde can also be used as a last resort.
