Overview
Matricaria suffruticosa (L.) Druce, also known as the shrubby chamomile, is a perennial flowering plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is native to Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean region, and has been widely cultivated in different parts of the world for its ornamental and medicinal uses.
Common Names
Shrubby chamomile is the common name of Matricaria suffruticosa. It is also known as the woody or perennial chamomile in some regions.
Uses
The shrubby chamomile has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, such as digestive issues, headaches, anxiety, and skin irritations. Its medicinal properties are attributed to its high content of flavonoids and essential oils, such as chamazulene and bisabolol. The plant is also used in cosmetic products, such as skin creams, shampoos, and soaps, due to its soothing and anti-inflammatory effects.
Aside from its medicinal uses, the shrubby chamomile is also grown as an ornamental plant. Its aromatic foliage and daisy-like flowers make it an attractive addition to gardens and landscapes. The plant can also be propagated easily through cuttings or division.
General Appearance
Matricaria suffruticosa is a low-growing, woody perennial that typically reaches a height of 30-60 cm. It has a bushy and spreading growth habit, with multiple stems branching out from the base. The leaves are gray-green in color, finely divided, and emit a sweet scent when crushed. The plant produces clusters of small, white or yellow-centered flowers that bloom profusely in late spring or early summer. The flowers are surrounded by a ring of white or pinkish bracts that give them a decorative appearance.
Light Requirements
Matricaria suffruticosa is a sun-loving plant and requires full sun exposure for proper growth and development. It can tolerate partial shade, but too much shade will lead to stunted growth and poor flower production.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Matricaria suffruticosa is between 18°C to 25°C. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -7°C and as high as 35°C. However, during the winter season, frost protection measures are necessary as the plant can be damaged by freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Matricaria suffruticosa grows well in well-drained soils with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5. It prefers sandy or loamy soil types but can grow in clay soils if they are well-drained. The soil should be rich in organic matter and should be moist but not waterlogged as it can lead to root rot. It is best to add compost or manure to the soil before planting to improve fertility.
Cultivation methods
Matricaria suffruticosa, commonly known as shrubby chamomile, is a hardy perennial plant that is relatively easy to cultivate. The plant requires well-drained soil and full sunlight exposure to thrive. It can tolerates drought conditions and slightly alkaline soils.
Propagation can be done through seeds or cuttings. Seeds should be sown in well-prepared beds after the last frost has passed. Cuttings are taken in late spring or early summer and should be dipped in a rooting hormone before being planted in a suitable potting mix.
Watering needs
The plant has moderate water requirements and should be watered regularly during the early growth stages. Care should be taken not to overwater the plant, which can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. The soil should be allowed to dry out between watering cycles to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
Shrubby chamomile grows well without the need for fertilizers. However, if you choose to fertilize, a light application of a balanced fertilizer can be given in early spring before new growth emerges. A mulch of compost or well-rotted manure will also help improve soil fertility.
Pruning
The shrubby chamomile is a low-maintenance plant that requires minimal pruning. Prune lightly in early spring to maintain a compact, bushy shape. Deadheading spent flowers during the summer will encourage more blooms to develop. Overgrown or damaged stems can be pruned back to the base of the plant as needed.
Propagation of Matricaria suffruticosa
Matricaria suffruticosa is a shrubby plant that belongs to the daisy family, and it is known for its sweet-scented foliage and beautiful yellow flowers. Propagation is important for maintaining a steady supply of plants, and there are different methods that can be used.
From Cuttings
One of the most common ways of propagating Matricaria suffruticosa is through taking cuttings. The best time to take cuttings is in the spring when the plant is actively growing and there is enough material to work with. Select healthy branches that don't have any flowers or buds. Cut them at an angle of 45 degrees using a sharp knife, and make sure the cutting is about 6 inches long. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cutting and dip it in rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mixture, and keep the soil moist but not soggy. Place the pot in a shady area and wait for the roots to develop, which can take 4-6 weeks.
From Seeds
Another way of propagating Matricaria suffruticosa is through seeds. Collect the seeds from a healthy plant once the flowers have dried and turned brown. Remove the seeds from the flowers and allow them to dry for a couple of days. Prepare a seed tray or a pot with a seed-starting mix, and sow the seeds on the surface. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, and mist the soil with water to moisten it. Place the seed tray in a warm and bright place, but avoid direct sunlight. Germination will occur within 2-3 weeks, and once the seedlings have grown a bit, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
From Division
Matricaria suffruticosa can also be propagated through division, which involves splitting an established plant into smaller sections that each grow into a new plant. This method is usually done in the spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing. Dig up the plant and gently separate the roots, making sure that each section has a viable root system. Replant the sections in well-draining soil, and water them thoroughly. It is important to keep the soil moist until new growth appears.
Disease Management
Matricaria suffruticosa is susceptible to various diseases that can affect plant growth and development. Providing proper care and avoiding unfavorable conditions can lower the chances of the plant contracting disease. However, if infected with a disease, prompt action is necessary to prevent the spread of disease.
Common Diseases
Fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew and rust, can cause damage to the plant by reducing its vigor and yield. Powdery mildew affects the foliage, causing a powdery white growth on leaves and stems. Rust, on the other hand, causes orange or brown rust spots on leaves and stems. Root rot is another common disease that affects Matricaria suffruticosa, caused by over-watering and poor-drainage.
Disease Management Strategies
To manage powdery mildew and rust, improve air circulation around the plant by staking and/or pruning to increase airflow. Water the plant early in the day to ensure that foliage dries quickly. Fungicides may also be necessary, but consult a professional for the right application and dosage. To prevent root rot, ensure proper drainage by planting in well-draining soil and avoid over-watering. Avoid overcrowding plants as this can cause increased humidity and moisture, encouraging disease.
Pest Management
Like other plants, Matricaria suffruticosa can also be affected by pests that can hinder growth and development. Early detection of pests is crucial to prevent severe damage and ensure proper plant growth.
Common Pests
Spider mites, aphids, and leafhoppers are common pests that attack Matricaria suffruticosa, causing damage to plant tissues, leaves, and flowers. Spider mites and aphids suck sap from the leaves, leaving yellowish discoloration. Leafhoppers, on the other hand, suck plant fluids, resulting in stunted growth.
Pest Management Strategies
To control spider mites, aphids, and leafhoppers, removing infested foliage is the first step. The use of insecticidal soap or neem oil helps to remove and deter pests from the plant. Natural predators such as ladybugs and lacewings can be introduced to the garden to control infestation. Maintaining garden hygiene by removing garden debris and avoiding water stress can also help prevent infestations.
