Overview of Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv.
Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. is a medicinal and aromatic plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is a native of Africa and grown in various countries worldwide. This plant is one of the vital members of traditional medicines of Africa, the Middle East, and Mediterranean.
General Appearance
Matricaria multiflora grows up to 90 cm tall and consists of slender, hairy stems which branch out at the top. The plant's leaves are divided into many creamy-green segments, measuring about 1 cm wide and 2-3 cm long, and tapered at the ends. The flowers of the plant are small and white, measuring about 1 cm in diameter and have a yellow center. The fruits are small and dry and encapsulate an achene.
Common Names
Matricaria multiflora has different common names across different regions of the world. In Africa, it is commonly known as Khella, while in Morocco it is called Achillée Africaine, and in Egypt, it is known as Schisch Baladi. Other common names include Sweet Mayweed, Southern-camomile, and Canadian Fleabane.
Uses
Matricaria multiflora has various medicinal and culinary applications. It has been a significant medicinal plant in traditional medicine for centuries. The leaves of the plant, when infused in water, have been used to treat respiratory ailments, fever, and wounds. The plant is also known to reduce hypertension and asthma symptoms. Some species of Matricaria are used in anti-cancer treatments due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the culinary world, Matricaria multiflora leaves are used as a herb to season foods and improve digestion. It is also used to make tea and various beverages in many cultures.
In conclusion, Matricaria multiflora is an important plant species with a long history of medicinal and culinary uses. The plant's unique appearance and properties make it stand out among other plant species within the Asteraceae family.
Light Requirements
Matricaria multiflora typically grows in areas with full sun exposure or partial shade. It can also tolerate shaded conditions, but its growth rate and overall health might be affected. At least six hours of direct sunlight exposure every day is highly recommended for optimal growth.
Temperature Requirements
This plant species prefers cool to mild temperatures with an average range of 15-25°C. However, it can endure temperature fluctuations that range from -5°C to 35°C. An accurate temperature range is essential for healthy growth, and temperature stress might lead to stunted growth or plant death.
Soil Requirements
Matricaria multiflora prefers well-drained soils that contain a balance of sand, silt, and clay. Neutral to the slightly alkaline pH range of 6.5 to 8.0 is considered suitable. Saline soils should be avoided as they might cause injury to the plant's root system. Additionally, regular fertilization is also recommended to provide essential nutrients for optimal growth.
Cultivation Methods
Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. is a hardy perennial plant that can grow up to 50cm tall. It is native to South Africa and likes to grow in full sun to partial shade. The plant prefers well-drained soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The seeds are sown in spring or summer in prepared seedbeds and then transplanted into the permanent location after four to six weeks.
Watering Needs
Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. requires moderate watering. The soil should be kept moderately moist but should not be waterlogged. During dry seasons or drought periods, regular watering should be done to keep the plant healthy and productive. However, it is essential to avoid overwatering, as it can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
The plant is not particular about fertilization requirements but benefits from a balanced fertilizer like a 10-10-10 or 8-8-8 NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) fertilizer. A half cup of balanced fertilizer should be applied to each plant in early spring, just after pruning. However, avoid using too much fertilizer, as it can lead to an unhealthy plant, increased leaf production, and fewer blooms.
Pruning
Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. requires regular pruning to maintain a neat appearance and prevent overgrowth. The plant should be pruned as soon as flowers fade away in late summer or early autumn. Pruning stimulates the growth of new flowers and keeps the plant healthy and vigorous. Avoid cutting the plant too low or too close to the ground, as it can weaken the root system.
Propagation Methods for Matricaria Multiflora Fenzl ex Harv.
Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv., also known as Egyptian chamomile, is a popular medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly propagated through seeds and cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds are the most common method of propagation for Matricaria multiflora. The seeds need to be collected from matured plants during the flowering season. The collected seeds need to be dried and stored in a cool and dry place. To ensure higher germination rates, the seeds can be scarified before planting. This can be done by soaking the seeds in hot water for about 24 hours. After scarification, the seeds can be sown directly into the soil or in seedbeds.
If sowing directly into the soil, it is recommended to mix the seeds with sand or compost to ensure uniform distribution. The soil needs to be well-drained and fertile. The depth of sowing should not exceed 0.5 cm. The seeds should be watered regularly, and germination should occur within 10 to 14 days.
If sowing in seedbeds, the soil should be prepared by incorporating organic matter. The seeds need to be sown at a spacing of 10 cm between rows and 5 cm between plants. The seedlings should be thinned out after they reach a height of 5 cm. The seedlings can then be transplanted to the field after they are 6 to 8 weeks old.
Propagation through Cuttings
Cuttings can also be used to propagate Matricaria multiflora. The cuttings should be collected from healthy and disease-free plants during the vegetative phase. The cuttings should be 10 to 15 cm long and have at least two nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the bottom of the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone powder.
The cuttings should be planted in well-drained, sterile soil, and placed in a shady area. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. The cuttings should root within 4 to 6 weeks. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transplanted to the field at a spacing of 30 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants.
Overall, Matricaria multiflora can be propagated easily through seeds and cuttings. Growers should choose the propagation method that best suits their needs, goals, and available resources.
Disease Management
Matricaria multiflora is a relatively hardy plant that is fairly resistant to diseases. However, there are a few fungal and bacterial diseases that can cause problems.
One common disease that affects Matricaria multiflora is powdery mildew. This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, remove any infected plant material, improve air circulation around the plant, and apply a fungicide if necessary.
Bacterial leaf spot is another disease that can affect Matricaria multiflora. This disease causes small, water-soaked lesions on the leaves that eventually turn brown. To manage bacterial leaf spot, remove any infected plant material and apply a copper-based fungicide if necessary.
Pest Management
Like many plants, Matricaria multiflora is susceptible to a variety of pests. Some common pests that may affect this plant include aphids, spider mites, and thrips.
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects that can suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the plant. To manage aphids, regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation and apply insecticidal soap or neem oil if necessary.
Spider mites are tiny pests that can cause damage to the leaves and flowers of Matricaria multiflora. To manage these pests, remove any infected plant material, increase humidity around the plant, and apply a miticide if necessary.
Thrips are small, slender insects that can cause damage to the leaves and flowers of the plant. To manage thrips, remove any infected plant material and apply an insecticidal soap or pyrethrin-based insecticide if necessary.
