Overview of Matricaria globifera:
Matricaria globifera (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. is a herbaceous flowering plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as the "globe chamomile" and is native to South Africa. The plant has a long history of use in traditional medicine and is known for its various medicinal and therapeutic properties.
Appearance of Matricaria globifera:
Matricaria globifera is a small, annual herb that typically grows up to 30 cm in height. It has a branched stem that is covered with small, white, hair-like structures and is reddish-brown in colour. The leaves of the plant are feathery and dark green in colour, with a distinct aroma when crushed. The flowers of the plant are white and daisy-like, with a diameter of approximately 15 mm. They are arranged in dense clusters or globular heads, hence the name "globe chamomile".
Uses of Matricaria globifera:
Matricaria globifera has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its various therapeutic properties. The plant contains several active compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The plant is known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, and sedative effects. It is also used to treat various ailments such as headaches, stomach cramps, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety.
Besides its medicinal uses, Matricaria globifera is also used in the cosmetic industry for its skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant extract is often added to skincare products to help soothe irritated skin and reduce redness and inflammation. The essential oil of the plant is also used in aromatherapy for its calming and relaxing properties.
In addition to its medicinal and cosmetic uses, Matricaria globifera is also widely used as a natural insecticide. The essential oil of the plant is toxic to various insect pests and is often used in organic farming to control pests such as aphids, mites, and thrips.
Light Requirements
Matricaria globifera (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. requires full sun to partial shade to grow optimally. It can grow well in areas with high light intensity all year-round, but can also tolerate slight shading.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Matricaria globifera ranges from 15-25°C. However, it can also tolerate temperatures that are a few degrees above or below this range. Temperatures that are too high may cause the plant to suffer thermal stress, while temperatures that are too low can lead to slowed growth and development.
Soil Requirements
Matricaria globifera prefers well-draining soils that are not waterlogged. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil types from sandy to clayey soils, but prefers slightly acidic to alkaline soils. Soil pH should be between 6.0-8.0 for optimal growth. In addition, sufficient organic matter and nutrients should be present in the soil to sustain healthy plant growth.
Cultivation
Matricaria globifera, commonly known as the globe chamomile, can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors. It is a hardy plant, and it is relatively easy to grow.
Firstly, the plant requires good soil with proper drainage. The soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Sandy or loamy soil is suitable for cultivation.
The plant thrives in full sunlight with some shading. Thus, it's recommended to cultivate it under partial shade or in regions with mild sunlight. The plant can tolerate a moderate level of frost and cold.
Propagation can be done through seeds or stem cuttings. Sow the seeds in the soil at a depth of 1-2 cm, and water the soil regularly. Germination usually takes 7-10 days. Those who want to propagate the plant through stem cuttings must take cuttings from mature plants and plant them in soft soil. Ensure to keep the soil moist until the cuttings root.
Watering needs
Matricaria globifera requires moderate watering in well-draining soil. The plants should be watered when the soil feels dry to the touch. It is best to water the plant early in the morning to allow water to reach the roots before the heat of the day sets in. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to waterlogging and root rot.
Fertilization
The plant can benefit from regular feeding during the growing season. A complete fertilizer with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used. It's best to fertilize the plant every two to three weeks, starting from the early spring. However, it's essential to avoid over-fertilization as it can cause damage to the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is essential for maintaining plant health and appearance. Matricaria globifera requires minimal pruning, and it's usually done to remove dead or damaged branches. It is best to prune the plant during the dormant season, which occurs in late fall or early winter. Cutting back the plant to the ground level during this time will help to encourage new growth in the spring.
Propagation of Matricaria globifera
Matricaria globifera is propagated either by seed or vegetatively through stem cuttings. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and can be chosen based on the grower's preference and the availability of resources.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation by seed is the most common method for growing Matricaria globifera. The seeds are readily available, and this method is relatively simple and cost-effective. Seeds can be sown directly in the field during the spring or fall, or indoors in pots under controlled conditions. For indoor seed propagation, the seeds must be sown in a well-drained soil mix and kept in a warm, moist area until germination occurs. Once the seedlings have grown two sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted into their own containers or planted directly in the field.
Propagation by Vegetative Cuttings
Propagation by vegetative cuttings is a simple and less time-consuming method compared to seed propagation. It also ensures the genetic uniformity of the new plants. The best time to take cuttings from Matricaria globifera is during the early summer months when the plants are actively growing. Cuttings should be taken from the healthy, disease-free stems of the plant and should be 5-6 inches in length. The lower leaves of the cutting should be removed, and the cutting should be inserted into a well-drained soil mix. The cutting should be watered regularly and kept in a humid environment until it has established roots.
Disease and Pest Management of Matricaria Globifera
Matricaria globifera plant, commonly known as the South African chamomile, is an herb used in medicine to treat various ailments. However, the plant is susceptible to pests and diseases that can significantly reduce the quality and quantity of the harvest. Here are some common diseases and pests that affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is the most common disease that affects Matricaria globifera. The fungi responsible for the illness cause white spots on the leaves and stem. Thus, the leaves curl, turn yellow, and fall off ultimately, leading to stunted plant growth.
Management: It would be best to prevent powdery mildew by ensuring adequate plant spacing, avoiding overhead watering, and maintaining a dry greenhouse environment. If the disease infects the plant, a mixture of baking soda and water can help manage the illness.
2. Damping Off Disease
The damping-off disease caused by fungi can affect various plants at different developmental stages. If left unmanaged, it can lead to complete plant death.
Management: You can prevent damping off disease by ensuring proper watering, soil sterilization, and providing adequate air circulation. Spraying the plants with chamomile tea can also prevent the disease.
Common Pests
1. Aphids
Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap. They cause the leaves to curl, stunt plant growth, and spread viral diseases to the plant.
Management: Neem oil or insecticidal soap can help manage aphids. Also, pruning infested leaves can help prevent the spread of the pest.
2. Spider Mites
Spider mites are common in hot, dry conditions. They feed on the plant's underside, sucking out the sap and leaving small, discolored spots on the leaves.
Management: You can manage spider mites by trimming out heavily infested branches or rinsing the plant frequently with a strong stream of water. Horticultural oil can also help to keep the pests at bay.
Conclusion
It is essential to regularly inspect your Matricaria globifera plant for signs of pest and disease infestation. Make sure you apply the appropriate management techniques in case you notice any signs of illness or infestation. The above measures can help prevent crop loss and ensure a successful harvest.
