Overview of Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng.
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. is an annual or biennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family and is native to Africa and Asia. It is commonly known as finibinig in the Philippines and as feathery chamomile or fern-leaved chamomile in English-speaking countries. It is widely cultivated in countries like Egypt and India for its medicinal properties.
Appearance of Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng.
The plant grows up to 30-90 cm high and has green, fern-like leaves that are bipinnate, meaning that the leaves are divided into subleaflets that are again divided in a feather-like pattern. Its stems are erect, branching, and slightly hairy. The plant produces white, somewhat daisy-like flowers that have a conical receptacle and are 1-2 cm in diameter. The flowers bloom in late summer and early fall and are followed by achenes that have a pappus of short bristles.
Uses of Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng.
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. has various medicinal properties that have been known for centuries. The plant contains essential oils, flavonoids, and other active compounds that have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. It is used to treat various ailments such as fever, cough, headache, and stomach problems. It is also used in cosmetics as a hair conditioner and skin moisturizer. In addition to its medicinal uses, Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. is used as a flavoring agent in certain food products, including teas and spices.
Overall, Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. is a versatile plant that has a variety of uses, from medicinal to culinary. Its attractive fern-like leaves and daisy-like flowers also make it a popular ornamental plant in gardens.
Light Requirements
Matricaria bipinnata typically grows in full sunlight, but also tolerates partial shade. It can readily grow in locations receiving 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight each day, particularly during the growing season.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Matricaria bipinnata growth is 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The plant thrives in warm climates but also tolerates cold temperatures. It can survive even during droughts or frosty periods, although it grows best in areas with mild winters.
Soil Requirements
Matricaria bipinnata prefers well-drained and slightly alkaline soils. It can also grow in neutral soils but cannot tolerate acidic soils. The plant is adaptable to a variety of soils, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, it thrives in moderately fertile soils.
Cultivation methods
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng., commonly known as double Mayweed, is a hardy annual plant that thrives in areas with full sun exposure. It grows well in well-drained soils and is usually sown directly into the ground. Prepare the soil by removing any weeds or stones and tilling to a depth of at least 15 cm. Sow the seeds by scattering them thinly over the soil and lightly covering them with soil. Water the area gently, taking care not to disrupt the seeds. The seeds will germinate within two weeks, and the plant will mature within 60 to 90 days.
Watering needs
Watering is critical during the seed germination and early growth stages. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged during this time. Water the plants once or twice weekly after they have become established, depending on the weather and soil conditions. In general, the soil should be kept uniformly moist but not saturated. Avoid overhead watering in the late afternoon or evening, as this can lead to fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Matricaria bipinnata is not a heavy feeder, and excessive amounts of fertilizer may cause the plant to produce more foliage than flowers. Apply a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 once every four to six weeks during the growing season. Spread the fertilizer evenly over the soil around the plants, taking care not to get it on the foliage, and water it in thoroughly.
Pruning
Matricaria bipinnata does not require heavy pruning, but it benefits from occasional deadheading to promote new growth and prolong the flowering period. Pinch or cut off spent blooms at the base of the stem before they have a chance to set seed. This will redirect the plant's energy into producing more blooms. If the plant becomes too tall or leggy, pinching the top growth will encourage branching and promote denser foliage.
Propagation of Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng.
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. can be propagated through various methods, including:
Seed Propagation
Seeds are the most common method of propagating Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. Seeds should be sown in the spring or fall in well-draining soil. The seeds should be barely covered with soil and kept moist until they germinate, which usually takes about 7-14 days. Once the seedlings have grown 3-4 leaves, they can be transplanted.
Cuttings Propagation
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. can also be propagated through cuttings. This method involves taking stem cuttings from the plant and rooting them in a rooting hormone. The cuttings should be taken in the summer when the plant is actively growing. The cuttings should be inserted into a well-draining soil mix and kept moist until they root.
Division Propagation
The plant can also be propagated through division, which is best done in the spring or fall. The clump should be dug up and divided into smaller sections, making sure each section has roots and shoots. The divided sections can be planted into well-draining soil and kept moist until they establish.
Regardless of the propagation method used, Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. prefers full sun and well-draining soil to thrive.
Disease Management for Matricaria bipinnata Plants
Matricaria bipinnata plants are susceptible to various diseases, and proper management can help prevent significant losses. Here are some common diseases that might affect Matricaria bipinnata and how to manage them:
Root Rot
Root rot can occur due to poor drainage and overwatering. The disease causes the roots to decay, leading to stunted growth and wilting of leaves. To manage root rot:
- Ensure proper drainage by planting in well-draining soil.
- Avoid overwatering, especially during the rainy season.
- Remove infected plants from the field immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and flowers of Matricaria bipinnata plants. White or grayish powdery patches appear on the surfaces of the plant's parts, leading to reduced photosynthesis and plant growth. To manage powdery mildew:
- Avoid planting in wet areas since fungi thrive in moist conditions.
- Use resistant cultivars if available.
- Control weeds and ensure proper spacing to allow good airflow.
- Apply fungicides according to manufacturer's instructions.
Pest Management for Matricaria bipinnata Plants
Matricaria bipinnata plants also face various pest problems, and effective management can help reduce yield losses. Here are some common pests that might affect Matricaria bipinnata and how to manage them:
Aphids
Aphids are sap-sucking insects that cause stunted growth, yellowing of leaves, and curling of leaves. To manage aphids:
- Use insecticidal soap according to manufacturer's instructions.
- Introduce natural predators such as ladybirds to feed on the aphids.
- Use reflective mulches to repel aphids.
- Apply neem oil or horticultural oils.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are minute pests that feed on the plant's sap, leading to discoloration of leaves, stunted growth, and early leaf drop. To manage spider mites:
- Use insecticidal soap according to manufacturer's instructions.
- Introduce natural predators such as predatory mites and ladybirds to feed on the spider mites.
- Provide adequate moisture to the plants to reduce environmental stress.
- Apply neem oil or horticultural oils.
Thrips
Thrips are slender, minute pests that cause silvery streaks on leaves, stunted growth, and reduced plant vigor. To manage thrips:
- Use yellow sticky traps to monitor and control thrips populations.
- Introduce natural predators such as minute pirate bugs and predatory mites to feed on the thrips.
- Avoid over-fertilizing since it enhances thrips breeding.
- Use appropriate insecticides according to manufacturer's instructions.
