General Overview:
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. is a species of plant in the Asteraceae family, which is commonly known as the Sharpleaf Chamomile or Kooigoed. This annual herbaceous plant grows no more than 50 cm tall and is native to South Africa's Western Cape Province.
Description:
The plant's leaves are fern-like, finely dissected with a grayish-green hue, and have a somewhat pungent odor when crushed. The flowers are tiny, yellow, and daisy-like, arranged in solitary heads measuring 2 -2.5 cm in diameter. The blooming period is from August to October, and each flower head has a yellow cone-shaped center with white rays of flowers around the edges.
Uses:
Matricaria acutiloba is used traditionally for medicinal purposes, especially as a tonic, nerve stimulant, and for its anti-inflammatory properties. Some also use it as an insecticide, and to treat digestive issues and various infections. The plant is typically crushed or ground into a paste, which is used topically to alleviate skin problems such as rashes and eczema.
It also has potential use in the cosmetics industry, as its extract has shown promise in treating and preventing skin ageing, including the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles. The oil could also be used in aromatherapy practices to relieve anxiety and promote relaxation.
Aside from its medicinal uses, the plant Matricaria acutiloba is a great ornamental addition to gardens as its bright yellow flowers can add color to any landscape.
Light Requirements
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. grows best in full sunlight, although it can tolerate some shade. A minimum of six hours of direct sunlight per day is recommended for optimal growth and production of flowers. Insufficient light can cause poor growth, low yields, and elongated stems.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Matricaria acutiloba is between 10 and 25°C. Germination of seeds occurs between 15 and 20°C, and the plant can survive temperatures as low as -5°C. High temperatures above 30°C can cause damage to the plant, resulting in wilting and stunted growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soil with a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. Sandy loam or loamy soils that are rich in organic materials are ideal for Matricaria acutiloba. Soil that retains too much water can cause root rot and damage to the plant. The soil must be fertile and should be enriched with organic matter such as compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
Cultivation Methods
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. is a frost-hardy plant that grows best in well-drained soil and full sun. It can be cultivated using seeds or vegetative propagation. If started from seeds, they should be sown in early spring or mid-fall, directly into the soil. The seeds should be spaced 6 to 12 inches apart and covered with a thin layer of soil. Regular watering is essential for the seeds to germinate.
On the other hand, vegetative propagation can be done by taking cuttings of the stem tips, which should be around 3 to 5 inches long. These cuttings can then be rooted in a well-draining medium and kept moist until they develop roots, after which they should be transplanted to the final location.
Watering Needs
Matricaria acutiloba requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged, as excessive moisture can lead to root rot. However, it is essential to avoid overwatering, as this can cause the plant to become susceptible to diseases.
To check if the plant needs watering, stick your finger in the soil about an inch deep. If the top inch feels dry to the touch, it's time to water. Be sure to water the plant thoroughly, allowing the water to penetrate the soil around the roots.
Fertilization
Matricaria acutiloba does not require frequent fertilization. However, if you notice that the plant is not growing as well as it should or if the leaves look pale, you can apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer once in early spring. Be sure to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package and water the plant well after applying the fertilizer.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for Matricaria acutiloba. However, if the plant becomes too leggy or bushy, you can pinch back the stems to encourage bushier growth. Pinching should be done during early growth stages, and care should be taken not to remove more than one-third of the plant at once.
Also, if you notice any dead or diseased branches, they should be pruned to prevent the spread of disease to other parts of the plant. Use clean and sharp pruning shears to cut the branches cleanly, and dispose of them away from the plant to avoid further contamination.
Propagation of Matricaria Acutiloba (DC.) Harv.
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv., also known as the Persian chamomile, is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to Iran and widely used as a medicinal herb and for ornamental purposes. The propagation of Matricaria acutiloba can be achieved by various methods including seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation of Matricaria acutiloba by seeds is the most common method. It is done in early spring or fall. The seeds are sown at a depth of about 1/4 inch in well-drained soil. The germination process can take up to two weeks. It is essential to keep the soil moist and warm (around 70°F) during the germination period. Once the seedlings have grown to about 2 inches, they can be transplanted into a bigger container or to the garden bed.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation of Matricaria acutiloba by cuttings is another way to produce new plants. The cuttings can be taken during the spring or summer season. Choose a healthy stem of about 2-3 inches in length. Cut the stem at a 45-degree angle using a sharp blade. Remove any leaves from the lower part of the cutting, leaving only two to three leaves at the top. Dip the cut end into a rooting hormone to increase the chances of successful rooting. Plant the cutting into a well-draining potting mix and keep the soil moist. It takes about three to four weeks for the roots to grow. Once the roots are well established, the plant can be transplanted into a bigger container, or the garden bed.
Propagation by Division
Propagation of Matricaria acutiloba by division is a simple and efficient way to produce new plants. It is done during early spring or fall. Dig up the mature plant and gently separate the root ball into two or three sections using a sharp blade. Each section should have a healthy root system and a few stems and leaves. Plant the divided sections in a well-draining potting mix and keep the soil moist. The plants should be kept in a shaded area until they establish roots. Once the new plants are firmly established, they can be transplanted into a bigger container or the garden bed.
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. Plant Disease Management
Plant diseases can be harmful to Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. growth. It is crucial to follow good agricultural practices to prevent the development and spread of diseases in the plant. Here are some common diseases that affect the plant:
Downy mildew
Downy mildew is caused by the fungus Peronospora matricariae. The disease is characterized by the development of yellow or brown spots on the leaves, followed by the appearance of white or gray fluffy growth on the underside of the leaves. To manage downy mildew, it is recommended to provide proper air circulation, reduce humidity, and remove infected leaves. Additionally, crop rotation and the use of fungicides can be effective in preventing and managing the disease.
Root rot
Root rot is a fungal disease that attacks the roots of the Matricaria acutiloba plant. The disease is characterized by the wilting and yellowing of the leaves, as well as the decay of the roots. To manage root rot, it is recommended to provide proper drainage by planting the crop in well-drained soils. Additionally, crop rotation and the use of fungicides can be effective in preventing and managing the disease.
Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. Plant Pest Management
Pests can cause significant damage to Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. It is essential to control and manage pests promptly. Here are some common pests that affect the plant:
Spider mites
Spider mites are a common pest that attacks Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. The pests cause damage by feeding on the leaves, leading to discoloration and stunted growth. To manage spider mites, it is recommended to remove or prune the infected plant parts, maintain proper humidity and moisture levels, and use insecticides if the infestation becomes severe.
Aphids
Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of the Matricaria acutiloba plant. The pests cause damage by curling and yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and the spread of viruses. To manage aphids, it is recommended to monitor the crop regularly, remove or prune infected parts, use insecticidal soaps and oils, and provide proper plant nutrition and care.
