Description of Matelea Variifolia (Schlechter) Woods
Matelea variifolia, commonly known as the Climbing Milkweed, is a dynamic plant that belongs to the Asclepiadaceae family. It is native to Latin America and is widely distributed throughout Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.
General Appearance
This plant is a climbing perennial that can grow up to 4 meters long and produces milky latex, which can irritate the skin. The species has luxurious foliage with dark green leaves that are about 5-12 cm long and have an oval shape. Matelea Variifolia has few to many inflorescences, each of which has several flowers and is approximately 1-5.5 cm across. The flowers are green to dark purple and have a shallow corolla. They bloom from June to August.
Common Names
The plant has several common names that are known to vary depending on the region. Some of these common names include Climbing Milkweed, Vinagrillo, and Huatoto.
Uses of Matelea Variifolia
Matelea Variifolia is a plant that has various medicinal and traditional uses, although it is not widely used. In Ecuador, the leaves of this plant are used for washing clothes, and the latex that it produces is also used to make glue. In Brazil, it is used in folk medicine to treat diarrhea, fever, and bronchitis. Additionally, in Peru, the roots and leaves of Matelea Variifolia are utilized as an abortifacient and emmenagogue, which is a substance that stimulates menstrual flow. However, it is important to seek professional advice before using this plant for any medicinal or traditional purposes.
Light Requirements
Matelea variifolia requires full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It can tolerate some shade, but too much shade can cause stunted growth and reduced flowering.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to tropical regions and prefers warm temperatures. It is not frost-tolerant and can be damaged by temperatures below 50°F (10°C). Ideal temperatures for growth are between 60-85°F (15-29°C).
Soil Requirements
Matelea variifolia prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. A soil pH between 5.5-7.5 is ideal for this plant.
Cultivation Methods
Matelea variifolia is a hardy plant that can be grown in USDA zones 8 to 10. It is a climbing plant that needs support to grow. The plant can be grown in a container or in the garden. Matelea variifolia prefers fertile, well-draining soil and partial shade. It is best to plant the vine in the spring, so it has ample time to establish roots before winter.
Watering Needs
Matelea variifolia requires moderate watering. It needs to be watered regularly, especially during the hot summer months. However, the soil should not be waterlogged as it may cause root rot. Ensure that the top layer of soil is dry before watering the plant.
Fertilization
Matelea variifolia requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth. You can use a balanced slow-release fertilizer at the beginning of the growing season or apply it monthly. Fertilizer high in nitrogen should be avoided as it promotes leaf growth at the expense of flowering.
Pruning
Matelea variifolia needs to be pruned regularly to encourage bushy growth and prevent it from becoming too leggy. Pruning should be done in the spring before new growth appears. Broken or damaged stems can be removed at any time of the year. The plant can also be trained to grow in a particular direction by tying it to a support.
Propagation of Matelea Variifolia
Matelea Variifolia can be propagated by sowing seeds and stem cuttings. Both methods require specific care and attention to detail in order to promote successful growth.
Propagation by Seeds
Propagation by seeds begins with collecting ripe seeds from the plant and separating them from the fruit. The seeds should be lightly scarified or soaked in water for a few hours, making it easy for the seed coat to split and allow the germinating process. The seeds should be sown in potting soil using planting trays or small pots.
Once planted, it is essential to keep the soil moist and humid while allowing for proper drainage. The containers should be covered with a plastic wrap or placed in a plastic bag and stored at room temperature. After about four to six weeks, the seeds should begin to sprout, and the seedlings can be transferred to larger pots.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is another successful method. The cuttings should be taken from healthy, mature plants and cut just below a node. The cuttings should be approximately three inches long. The bottom leaves of the cuttings should be removed, and the cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before being planted in an appropriate propagation medium like perlite or sand.
The cuttings should be placed in an area with bright indirect light and high humidity. It is essential to maintain the humidity by covering the cuttings with a plastic bag or misting frequently. The rooting process can take up to six weeks, and the new plants should be transplanted to larger pots once they have established roots.
Disease and Pest Management for Matelea Variifolia (Schlechter) Woods.
Matelea variifolia (Schlechter) Woods. is a beautiful plant with white, waxy flowers that are shaped like a star. Although it is a low maintenance plant, it is still vulnerable to certain diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that can affect this plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
1. Leaf Spot - This is a fungal disease that causes small, dark spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove infected leaves and ensure that the plant has enough space between leaves for adequate air circulation. Fungicide applications can also help control leaf spot.
2. Powdery Mildew - This is another fungal disease that afflicts Matelea variifolia. It causes a white, powdery substance to form over the leaves and can eventually lead to stunted growth and defoliation. To manage this disease, prune infected leaves and branches, and apply a fungicide to prevent further spread of the disease.
Pests
1. Aphids - These small, soft-bodied insects can cause serious damage to Matelea variifolia. They suck the sap out of the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and wilt. To manage an aphid infestation, you can use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray to get rid of them. Natural predators like ladybugs can also help control an aphid infestation.
2. Spider Mites - These tiny pests can cause the leaves of Matelea variifolia to turn yellow and fall off. They spin webs on the leaves, which can be a clear sign of their presence. To manage spider mite infestations, wash the plant with a strong stream of water to knock them off, and apply an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray.
Overall, the key to preventing disease and pest infestations in Matelea variifolia is to maintain healthy growing conditions. Providing adequate water, light, and good soil can go a long way in keeping this plant healthy. Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests and diseases can also help catch any infestations early, before they have a chance to spread.
