Origin
Markhamia tomentosa is a tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, specifically found in the countries of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Ethiopia.
Common names
This plant is commonly known as the sausage tree, Uganda sausage tree, and locally as mkapundu in Swahili.
Uses
The bark, leaves, and fruits of the sausage tree have a variety of uses in traditional African medicine. The bark is used to treat malaria, stomach issues, and inflammation. The leaves are used as a poultice for wounds, while the fruit is used for skin diseases and as an insecticide. Additionally, the tree's wood is used for carpentry and its fruit is used as food for animals.
General Appearance
Markhamia tomentosa is a large, deciduous tree that can grow up to 20 meters in height. It has a straight trunk with a rounded canopy and produces large, sausage-shaped fruits that hang from the branches. The leaves are large and oval-shaped, and both the leaves and bark are covered in fine hairs or tomentum, giving the tree a fuzzy appearance. Its flowers are large, showy, and white or cream-colored with purple streaks. Overall, the sausage tree is a striking and unique-looking tree that is often used ornamentally in gardens and parks.
Light Requirements
The Markhamia tomentosa plant requires full sun exposure for optimal growth. It thrives in bright, sunny conditions, receiving at least six to eight hours of sunlight per day. However, it can also tolerate partial shade, but too much shade may limit its growth and flowering potential.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can thrive in tropical and subtropical climates with warm temperatures ranging from 20-30°C. It is not frost-tolerant and requires protection from frosty conditions. Additionally, frost-free climate conditions play an important role in the growth and maintenance of this plant.
Soil Requirements
Markhamia tomentosa plants prefer well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be moderately acidic with a pH of 5.5-6.5. The plant can tolerate soils with a higher pH but will not perform as well. Moreover, it requires a deep, fertile, and well-drained planting site to ensure healthy growth and prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot. Adequate soil nutrient levels are also important for the plant's growth, and regular fertilization may be necessary to maintain optimal growth.
Cultivation methods for Markhamia tomentosa
Markhamia tomentosa is a tropical evergreen tree that requires warm and humid conditions to grow. The tree prefers well-draining soil and requires a lot of sunlight to thrive. It can be propagated by seeds or cuttings.
Watering needs for Markhamia tomentosa
Markhamia tomentosa requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. It is recommended to water the tree deeply, ensuring that the soil is uniformly moist but not waterlogged. However, during the dormant season, reduce the frequency of watering.
Fertilization of Markhamia tomentosa
Markhamia tomentosa requires regular fertilization to maintain its health and growth. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The fertilizer can be applied every three to four months during the growing season. Ensure that you follow the manufacturer's instructions to prevent over-fertilization.
Pruning Markhamia tomentosa
Markhamia tomentosa requires pruning to maintain its shape and size. Prune the tree during the dormant season to minimize the loss of sap. Trim off any dead or diseased branches and remove any suckers from the base of the tree. You can also shape the tree to your desired form during pruning.
Propagation of Markhamia tomentosa
Markhamia tomentosa is commonly propagated by seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation via seeds
The seeds of Markhamia tomentosa need to be collected after the fruit turns brown and starts splitting open. It is essential to clean the seeds thoroughly before sowing them. This can be done by removing any remaining pulp or debris. After cleaning the seeds, they need to be soaked in water for at least 24 hours. After soaking, the seeds can be sown in soil mixed with sand or a well-draining potting mix. Germination typically occurs within 3-4 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted when they are large enough to handle.
Propagation via stem cuttings
The stem cuttings can be collected from the parent plant at any time of the year. Cuttings that are four to six inches long and have at least two leaves can be used for propagation. The cuttings are treated with rooting hormone and planted in a mixture of soil and sand or other well-draining potting mix. The cuttings require high humidity, so they need to be covered with plastic or kept in a propagator until roots have formed. Once the cuttings have started showing new growth, they can be transplanted to their permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management of Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K.Schum. ex Engl.
Markhamia tomentosa is a tree species that is relatively resistant to pests and diseases. However, it is still susceptible to a few problems that could impact its growth and productivity. Effective disease and pest management strategies are essential to minimize the damage caused by these problems.
Common Diseases of Markhamia tomentosa
One of the common diseases of Markhamia tomentosa is leaf spot caused by the fungus Cercospora sp. The disease is characterized by the appearance of small dark spots on the leaves, which eventually enlarge and cause the leaves to yellow and drop. To manage this disease, it is important to avoid overhead irrigation and keep the area around the tree clean and free of fallen leaves. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Another disease of Markhamia tomentosa is powdery mildew. It is caused by the fungus Oidium sp. and is characterized by the appearance of white powdery patches on the leaves. The disease can be managed by improving air circulation around the tree and avoiding wetting the leaves, which promotes the growth of the fungus. Fungicides can also be used to control the spread of the disease.
Common Pests of Markhamia tomentosa
One of the common pests of Markhamia tomentosa is the shoot borer (Tortricidae). The pest affects the growing tips of the tree and causes stunted growth and deformation. To manage this pest, it is important to remove and destroy the affected shoots and apply insecticides when necessary.
The tree is also susceptible to infestations by mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and scale insects (Coccoidea). These pests suck the sap from the leaves and stems of the tree and cause them to wither and die. To manage mealybugs and scale insects, it is important to apply appropriate insecticides and maintain good cultural practices, such as removing weeds and cleaning the area around the tree.
