Origin
Manisuris altissima, also known commonly as tall manisuris, is a member of the Asteraceae family and is native to Central and South America.
Common Names
Aside from tall manisuris, this plant is also commonly known as Manisuris Gigante.
Uses
The tall manisuris has ornamental potential and is grown for its striking, large flowers. It is also known for its medicinal use in traditional medicine to treat fever, stomach aches, and intestinal parasites.
General Appearance
The tall manisuris is a perennial plant that can grow up to 4 meters in height. It has a thick stem with large leaves that can reach up to 50 centimeters in length. The flowers of this plant are striking with bright yellow petals and a black center that can grow up to 15 centimeters in diameter. Its seeds are small, white, and feathery, which help the plant spread through the wind.
Light Conditions
Manisuris altissima requires full sunlight in order to grow. It thrives in areas where it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day. If grown in a low-light environment, the plant will produce fewer leaves and flowers.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Manisuris altissima is between 70-80°F (21-27°C). The plant is not frost-tolerant and cannot withstand temperatures below 32°F (0°C). If the temperature drops below this threshold, the plant will experience cold stress and may not survive.
Soil Requirements
Manisuris altissima prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be in the range of 6.0-7.0. The plant will not tolerate soil that is constantly wet or waterlogged. Sandy loam and loam soils are the best choices for growing this plant. It is important to provide regular fertilization to support the plant's growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Manisuris altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc. is a tropical plant that prefers warm temperatures and high humidity. It grows well in partial shade or dappled sunlight. The plant can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, or division. The best time to plant is in the spring or early summer. Ensure that the soil is well-drained and the pH is between 6.5 to 7.5.
Watering Needs
The plant requires frequent and regular watering to stay healthy. It is best to keep the soil moderately moist and avoid letting the soil dry out completely. Overwatering can cause the plant to rot. During the growing season, water the plant every few days, and reduce watering during the dormant season.
Fertilization
Fertilize the plant every month during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer that includes equal parts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The plant can also benefit from micronutrients such as magnesium, iron, and zinc. Avoid fertilizing during the dormant season.
Pruning
To promote proper growth, prune the plant regularly. Cut back any dead or damaged leaves, stems, or branches. Prune the plant to maintain its desired shape and size. Prune the plant after it has finished blooming or during the dormant season.
Propagation methods
Manisuris altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc. can be propagated by using various methods, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. The most common techniques for propagating Manisuris altissima include seed propagation, vegetative propagation, and tissue culture.
Seed propagation
One way to propagate Manisuris altissima is through seed propagation. The seeds of this plant are spherical and slightly flattened. The seeds must be treated with a fungicide and soaked in water for 24 hours before planting. The planting medium should consist of a mixture of sand and peat moss. Seeds should be placed on the surface of the soil and lightly covered. The planting container should be kept in a warm location with high humidity, and the soil should be watered regularly. Germination typically occurs within two to six weeks.
Vegetative propagation
Another method of propagation for Manisuris altissima is vegetative propagation. This method involves taking cuttings from the parent plant. Cuttings taken from the stem should be about 8 to 10 centimeters in length and should be planted in a well-draining rooting medium that is high in organic matter. It is recommended that a rooting hormone be applied to the base of the cutting before planting in the rooting medium. The planting container should be kept in a warm location with high humidity, and the soil should be watered regularly. Rooting typically occurs within two to four weeks.
Tissue culture
Tissue culture is a propagation method that utilizes small tissue samples from the plant. This method is typically used for large-scale propagation of plants. Small pieces of tissue are placed on a nutrient-rich medium and are allowed to grow. Once the tissue has grown enough, it is transferred to another medium where it can continue to grow and mature. This method is advantageous because it allows for the production of large numbers of plants in a short amount of time. However, it is a complex and costly method that requires specialized equipment and expertise.
Disease and Pest Management of Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.
Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc. is generally a sturdy and tough plant. However, like any other plant, it is susceptible to diseases and pests that can damage its foliage, flowers, and fruits. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggested ways to manage them:
Diseases That Affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.
Phytophthora Root Rot - This disease is caused by the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi, which attacks the roots of the plant, causing rotting and eventually death. It is most common in poorly drained soil.
Anthracnose - This fungal disease is characterized by brown, water-soaked spots on the leaves and fruits. It can cause defoliation and poor fruit development.
Leaf Spot - This fungal disease is caused by several species of fungi that attack the leaves of the plant. It is characterized by circular, yellowish-brown spots on the leaves that enlarge and become brown with a yellow halo. It can cause premature defoliation if left untreated.
Managing Diseases That Affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.
Here are some suggested ways to manage the common diseases that might affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.:
Phytophthora Root Rot - Improve soil drainage by adding organic matter to the soil. Avoid overwatering the plant and don't let water stand around the plant's roots.
Anthracnose - Prune infected plant parts and dispose of them properly. Improve air circulation around the plant by spacing them properly. Apply fungicides as a preventative measure.
Leaf Spot - Remove infected leaves and dispose of them properly. Avoid overhead watering and keep the foliage dry. Improve air circulation by proper spacing of the plant. Apply fungicides as a preventative measure.
Pests That Affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.
Aphids - These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from the leaves and shoots of the plant. They can cause the leaves to curl and distort. Severe infestations can cause stunted growth and plant death.
Caterpillars - These larval stages of butterflies and moths feed on the leaves and foliage of the plant, causing defoliation and poor growth. They can be identified by their chewed leaves and droppings.
Managing Pests That Affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.
Here are some suggested ways to manage the common pests that might affect Manisuris Altissima (Poir.) A.S. Hitchc.:
Aphids - Spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge the pests. Encourage the natural predators of aphids, such as ladybirds and lacewings, by planting companion plants such as yarrow and dill.
Caterpillars - Handpick the caterpillars and dispose of them properly. Encourage the natural predators of caterpillars, such as birds and wasps, into the garden by planting nectar-rich plants such as marigolds and phlox.
