Overview
Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév., commonly known as the silver milkwood, is a tree species belonging to the Sapotaceae family. It is native to tropical Africa and can be found in countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, and Gabon.
Description
The silver milkwood tree can grow up to 30 meters in height and has a rounded canopy. It has smooth, grayish-green bark and distinctive bright green leaves with silver undersides, giving it its name. The leaves are oval-shaped and are arranged opposite of each other on the stem. The tree also produces small white flowers and fruit that resemble berries.
Uses
The silver milkwood tree has various uses in traditional African medicine. The bark and leaves are used to treat various ailments such as fever, stomach problems, and skin infections. The tree is also valuable for its timber, which is used for furniture and construction. Its fruit is edible and can be used to make jams and preserves.
In addition to its medicinal and economic value, the silver milkwood tree is also an important species for ecological conservation. It is often used in reforestation projects due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of environments. The tree provides cover and a habitat for various species of birds and animals.
Growth Conditions of Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév.
Light Requirements: This plant species requires partial to full sunlight exposure for optimal growth. It can tolerate some shade, but prolonged shade may lead to stunted growth, poor flowering, and lower fruit yield.
Temperature Requirements: Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév. thrives in warm to hot temperatures ranging between 20°C to 35°C. Frost poses a significant threat to this plant, and it should be protected from prolonged exposure to cold temperatures that could potentially damage or kill the plant.
Soil Requirements: This plant species is not overly particular about soil type, but it prefers well-drained soils. It can tolerate a wide range of soil pH, but it grows best in soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can also grow in sandy and loamy soils with moderate fertility levels.
Good management practices, including irrigation, fertilization, pest, and disease control, are critical to a plant's growth and health. Additionally, regular pruning of the plant is essential to maintain the desired shape and size while promoting the growth of strong branches and healthy leaves. With optimal care, Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév. can produce high-quality fruit and add aesthetic value to the landscape.
Cultivation of Manilkara Multinervis
Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév. is a plant that does best when grown in full sunlight but can also grow well in partial shade environments. If you live in a tropical or subtropical climate, you can grow this plant outdoors throughout the year. However, if you live in a colder climate, it's recommended to grow the plant indoors during the winter months.
Watering Needs
The Manilkara multinervis requires regular watering, but it's important not to overwater the plant. The soil should be kept moist, but not soaking wet. It's recommended to water the plant once or twice a week in the growing season, but reduce the frequency during the winter months when the plant is dormant. The best way to water the plant is to allow the top layer of soil to dry out before watering it again.
Fertilization
Manilkara multinervis requires regular fertilization to grow healthy and vibrant. Fertilize the plant once a month during the growing season with an all-purpose fertilizer. You can also add organic compost to the top layer of soil to give the plant an extra nutrient boost.
Pruning
Pruning is an essential part of Manilkara multinervis care as it helps maintain a healthy and attractive shape. You should prune the plant in the early spring just before the growing season begins. Remove any dead, damaged or diseased branches, and cut back any unwanted growth to promote a bushier and more compact plant. Always use sharp, clean pruning tools to prevent damage to the plant.
Propagation of Manilkara Multinervis subsp. Argentea
The most common method of propagating Manilkara Multinervis subsp. Argentea is through seeds. The seeds should be collected from ripe fruits that have fallen from the tree. The pulp should be removed from the seeds, and they should be left to dry in a shaded and well-ventilated area for a few days. The dried seeds can then be stored in a cool and dry place until ready for sowing.
A pre-germination treatment can improve germination rates. Soaking the seeds in hot water (around 80°C) for a few minutes or scratching the seed coat with sandpaper can facilitate water and air penetration, helping the seeds to germinate more rapidly. Seeds can be sown in seed trays or in small pots filled with well-draining potting mix. The soil should be kept moist, but not waterlogged, and placed in a warm and light position.
Another propagation method for Manilkara Multinervis subsp. Argentea is grafting. The best rootstock is the closely related species Manilkara huberi, which is highly compatible with this plant. Usually, approach grafting or side grafting is used. In this method, a branch from the plant is bent and grafted onto the rootstock. The grafted area should then be covered with a plastic bag to maintain high humidity while the grafts take. Grafted plants should be placed in a warm and light position until established.
Disease Management
Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév. can be affected by various fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. Some common diseases are:
- Anthracnose: It is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and results in brown or black spots on the leaves and fruits. Proper sanitation practices and fungicide application can help manage this disease.
- Powdery Mildew: This disease is characterized by white or grayish powdery spots on the leaves and stems and is caused by fungal pathogens. Regular monitoring and applying fungicides can help prevent this disease.
- Leaf Spot: Caused by the fungus Cercospora sp., this disease results in dark brown or black spots on the leaves. Proper irrigation and sanitation practices, as well as fungicide application, can manage this disease.
Pest Management
Manilkara multinervis (Baker) Dubard subsp. argentea (Pierre) Aubrév. can also be affected by various pests that can cause immense damage to the plant. Some common pests are:
- Mealybugs: These insects cause yellow spots or deformities in leaves and produce a cotton-like substance on the leaves. Use of insecticidal soap or oil sprays can control mealybugs.
- Scale Insects: These pests suck the sap from the plant and cause severe damage. Proper sanitation practices, pruning, and application of insecticides can control these pests.
- Caterpillars: They eat the leaves and leave behind holes and damage. Removal of caterpillars by handpicking or using Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) insecticides can help manage these pests.
It is essential to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of diseases or pests and promptly manage them to prevent the spread and damage to the plant. It is always best to consult with a local gardening expert or extension office for the appropriate management practices.
