Manilkara macaulayae (Hutch. & Corbishley) H.J.Lam
Manilkara macaulayae is a species of tree with various common names such as Masseranduba, Massaranduba, Bulletwood and Aku Yasa. It belongs to the family Sapotaceae and is native to Central and South America. The tree can grow up to 45 meters in height and has a trunk diameter of about 2 meters.
Appearance
The tree has a large, buttressed trunk, making it a popular timber species for construction and carpentry. Its bark is grey and its leaves are glossy green and have an elliptical shape. The tree produces small, white flowers that grow in clusters and develop into large, round fruits. The fruit is about 5 cm in diameter and has a brown, woody shell that protects the seeds inside. When the fruit is ripe, it splits open, revealing the edible flesh and seeds.
Uses
The timber of Manilkara macaulayae is highly valued for its durability, strength, and resistance to rot and insect damage. It is used in the construction of bridges, wharves, and other outdoor structures. The wood is also used for furniture, flooring, and decorative purposes. The tree's fruit is edible and is sometimes used in traditional medicine to treat fever, coughs, and digestive problems. The sap of the tree is used to produce latex, which is used in the production of rubber.
Light Requirements
Manilkara macaulayae is adapted to grow in shady conditions, and bright but indirect sunlight is ideal for its growth. The plant can tolerate moderate levels of direct sunlight in the early morning or late afternoon, but intense sunlight can result in leaf scorching or discoloration. Therefore, it is recommended to grow this plant in filtered sunlight or under shade cloth.
Temperature Requirements
Manilkara macaulayae is native to tropical regions, and therefore it thrives in warm and humid environments. It can tolerate a broad range of temperatures, with the optimal temperature range for growth being between 20°C to 30°C. The plant can withstand a minimum temperature of 15°C, but prolonged exposure to temperatures below this level can damage the leaves and retard growth. On the other hand, high temperatures of above 35°C can cause wilting and other heat stress symptoms.
Soil Requirements
The soil in which Manilkara macaulayae grows must be rich in organic matter, well-draining, and slightly acidic. Sandy loam and loamy soils are ideal provided they have excellent drainage. The plant is sensitive to waterlogging, and hence heavy clay soils are not recommended. The ideal pH range for the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5. The plant may suffer from chlorosis if grown in alkaline soils due to reduced iron and manganese availability. Adequate soil moisture is necessary for optimum growth, and it is recommended to mulch the plant to retain soil moisture and prevent soil erosion.
Cultivation Methods
Manilkara macaulayae, also known as the Macaulay's milk tree, is a tropical tree that is native to the Amazon region of Brazil. It can also be found in other parts of South America, such as Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela. The tree thrives in warm, humid climates and can grow up to 25 meters tall. To successfully cultivate Manilkara macaulayae, consider the following:
- Planting: Plant the seeds in well-draining soil and in an area with full sun exposure.
- Temperature: The tree prefers temperatures between 23°C and 30°C.
- Humidity: High humidity is crucial for the tree to grow. Aim for humidity levels between 60% and 70%.
Watering Needs
Watering is essential for the growth and survival of the Macaulay's milk tree. The following are some tips on how to properly water the plant:
- Frequency: The tree should be watered regularly, especially during the dry season, to prevent the soil from drying out.
- Amount: The amount of water you should give to the plant will largely depend on the age and size of the tree. A general rule of thumb is to water the tree deeply until the soil is moist.
- Drainage: Ensure that the soil has good drainage to avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Fertilizing Manilkara macaulayae is essential to promote healthy growth and flowering. The following are some tips on how to properly fertilize the plant:
- Type of fertilizer: Use a balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium.
- Frequency: Fertilize the tree every three to four months during the growing season.
- Amount: The amount of fertilizer you should use will depend on the age and size of the tree. Follow the instructions on the label carefully.
Pruning
Pruning is done primarily to maintain the shape and size of the tree. The following are some tips on how to properly prune Manilkara macaulayae:
- Timing: Prune the tree during the dormant season, which is usually from late winter to early spring.
- Tools: Use sharp and clean pruning shears to make clean cuts and avoid damaging the tree.
- Method: Trim off any dead or damaged branches first, then trim back any unwanted growth to maintain the shape and size of the tree.
Propagation of Manilkara macaulayae
Manilkara macaulayae is a slow-growing plant that typically propagates through cuttings. However, it can also be propagated through seeds.
Propagation through Cuttings
Cuttings should be taken from mature stems that are at least 6 inches long. The best time to take cuttings is in the spring, just before new growth appears. Cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a mix of peat moss and perlite. Cover the cuttings with plastic to maintain humidity and keep them in a warm, bright area out of direct sunlight. After about 4-6 weeks, roots should start to form, and the plastic can be removed.
Propagation through Seeds
Seeds can be collected from mature fruits, which ripen in the fall. The seeds can be scarified to increase germination rates by soaking them in hot water for up to 24-48 hours or by nicking the seed coat with a knife. Plant the seeds in a well-draining potting mix and keep them moist. Germination can take up to several months. When the seedlings have grown enough to handle, transplant them into individual pots.
Disease Management for Manilkara macaulayae (Hutch. & Corbishley) H.J.Lam
Like most plants, Manilkara macaulayae (Hutch. & Corbishley) H.J.Lam is susceptible to diseases that can affect its growth and overall health. These are some of the most common diseases that can affect this plant:
- Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that can cause leaf spots and result in defoliation. It can be managed by pruning infected plant parts and applying fungicides.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by various fungi in soil that results in the death of the plant's roots. It can be prevented by discouraging over-watering and ensuring proper drainage of the soil. Additionally, applying fungicides can help to prevent root rot.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease manifests with a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. It can be prevented by providing good ventilation and spacing between the plants, as well as applying fungicides.
Pest Management for Manilkara macaulayae (Hutch. & Corbishley) H.J.Lam
Manilkara macaulayae (Hutch. & Corbishley) H.J.Lam can also be affected by pests that can cause damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plant. Here are some of the most common pests that affect the plant:
- Scale insects: These pests suck sap and can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves. They can be controlled by using insecticidal soaps or oils and removing heavily infested plant parts.
- Aphids: These small insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing leaves to curl and turn yellow. They can be managed by using insecticidal soaps or oils and removing heavily infested plant parts.
- Caterpillars: These pests feed on leaves, causing holes and defoliation. They can be managed by handpicking and using insecticides to control their population.
It is important to keep an eye out for any signs of disease or pest infestation and take action quickly to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the plant. Regular inspection of the plant and proper cultural practices such as providing good ventilation, adequate watering, and fertilization can also help to prevent diseases and pests from affecting the plant's health.
