Manilkara butugii Chiov.
Manilkara butugii Chiov. is a slow-growing evergreen tree that belongs to the family Sapotaceae. It is commonly known by various names such as Bulletwood, Massaranduba and Muiracatiara. The tree is native to countries such as Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela.
Appearance
The tree has a straight trunk with smooth greyish-brown bark, and can reach heights of up to 30 meters. It has a well-developed crown and its leaves are leathery, glossy, and elliptic. The tree bears small yellow-green flowers that grow in clusters, and its fruit is oval-shaped, yellow to orange in color and approximately 4-5 cm in diameter.
Uses
Manilkara butugii Chiov. is used extensively in the woodworking industry due to its hardness, durability, and resistance to decay. It is widely used to manufacture outdoor decking, flooring, furniture, tool handles, and even musical instruments. In traditional medicine, the tree's bark is used for its antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and laxative properties.
The fruit of the tree is edible and has a sweet taste, and is used in the creation of jams, jellys, and other culinary preparations. In addition, the tree's wood and bark contain a variety of chemical compounds that are being researched for their potential medicinal properties.
Due to its slow growth and long lifespan, there is concern over the sustainability of harvesting Bulletwood. However, efforts are being made to ensure the sustainable management of this valuable tree species.
Growth Conditions for Manilkara butugii Chiov.
Manilkara butugii Chiov., commonly known as the Butu tree, is a tropical evergreen plant species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. The plant is native to the coastal regions of eastern Africa, including Tanzania, Kenya, and Mozambique.
Light Requirements
The Butu tree thrives in direct sunlight and requires exposure to full or partial sunlight to grow healthily. It can tolerate some shade, but it is not suitable for low light conditions. It is important to plant them in areas with unobstructed access to sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The Butu tree grows best in a warm, humid environment. It is a tropical plant and requires temperatures between 25°C to 35°C (77°F to 95°F) to grow. The plant cannot tolerate frost or temperatures below 10°C (50°F). Therefore, it should be protected from extreme temperatures and frosty conditions.
Soil Requirements
The Butu tree prefers well-draining soils that are rich in nutrients. It can thrive in various soils, including sandy or clay soil, but it prefers loamy soils with a pH of 6 to 7.5. The soil must be moist but not waterlogged. The plant also grows best in areas with high humidity levels. Mulching around the base can help to retain moisture and keep the soil cool.
Cultivation methods
The Manilkara butugii Chiov. plant is not difficult to cultivate, provided its environmental requirements are met. It prefers a well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5 and a warm, tropical climate. It can be propagated through seeds or cuttings and requires adequate sunlight, humidity levels, and temperatures for successful growth.
The seedlings should be planted in a loamy potting mixture and watered thoroughly. The pot should be placed in an area with good air circulation, free from frost, and protected from harsh winds. The plant requires consistent moisture levels, and its soil should not be allowed to dry out completely or become waterlogged.
Watering needs
Manilkara butugii Chiov. requires frequent watering in warm weather conditions. Water the plant at least once a week, or more frequently during prolonged dry spells. During cooler weather, water the plant once every two weeks. When watering, ensure that the soil is evenly moist but not waterlogged. Water the plant in the early morning or late afternoon, avoiding watering in direct sunlight.
Fertilization
The Manilkara butugii Chiov. plant requires regular fertilization to maintain its health and promote growth. Fertilize the plant during the growing season, from spring to summer, every two to three weeks. Use a balanced fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 10-10-10. During the dormant season, when new growth is minimal, fertilize the plant once a month.
Pruning
Pruning is not required for Manilkara butugii Chiov. plant. However, it can be pruned to maintain its shape or remove dead or diseased branches. Prune the plant during the dormant season and avoid pruning during the growing season. Proper cutting tools should be used to minimize damage, and freshly cut surfaces should be treated with a fungicide to prevent infections.
Propagation methods for Manilkara butugii Chiov.
Manilkara butugii Chiov. can be propagated through different methods, which include:
Seed propagation
Seeds remain the primary mode of propagation for Manilkara butugii Chiov. After collecting the seeds, they need to be pre-treated. Soaking the seeds in water overnight or scarification can be performed to reduce the hard seed coat's dormancy period.
This process stimulates germination by facilitating water and gas exchange through the seed. Seeds can be planted in a moist soil mixture at a depth of around 1 cm and then kept consistently moist.
Cuttings propagation
Manilkara butugii Chiov. can also be propagated using stem cuttings, specifically semi-hardwood stem cuttings taken from previous-year's growth.
Once the cuttings are collected, they can be dipped in a rooting hormone powder before being planted in a well-drained mixture of soil, sand, and perlite. They need to be kept moist and well-aerated while rooting.
Air-Layering propagation
Air layering is another propagation technique commonly used for Manilkara butugii Chiov. This method involves wounding a branch and covering it with a rooting hormone and moist moss.
The wound stimulates root growth within six to eight weeks. Once well-formed roots are visible, the top of the plant above the air layering is cut and transplanted, leaving the newly rooted section as a new plant.
Overall, the propagation of Manilkara butugii Chiov. is relatively easy, allowing for plant enthusiasts to expand their collection with this beautiful tree.
Disease Management
Like all plants, Manilkara butugii Chiov. is susceptible to various diseases, which can cause stunted growth, discoloration, or even death of the plant. Some common diseases to look for include:
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease causes brown or black spots on the leaves. Prune infected leaves and branches and apply fungicide.
- Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes irregular brown spots on leaves, which may have yellow halos. Remove and destroy infected plant parts and apply fungicide.
- Root rot: This fungal disease affects the roots, causing stunted growth, wilted leaves, and plant death. Improve drainage and avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
To prevent the spread of diseases, always use clean pruning tools and avoid overhead watering. Make sure to properly dispose of any infected plant parts to prevent further spread. Apply fungicides only as necessary, following the instructions on the label.
Pest Management
Manilkara butugii Chiov. is also susceptible to various pests, which can cause damage to leaves, stems, and roots. Some common pests to look for include:
- Mites: These tiny pests suck sap from leaves, causing yellowing and curling. Apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill mites.
- Caterpillars: These pests feed on leaves, causing holes and defoliation. Handpick caterpillars from plants or apply Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for control.
- Scale insects: These pests attach themselves to leaves and stems, sucking sap and causing yellowing and wilting. Use a soft brush to remove scales and apply horticultural oil.
To prevent pest infestations, keep plants healthy and avoid overcrowding. Regularly inspect plants for signs of pests and act quickly to treat any infestations. Use pesticides only as necessary, following the instructions on the label.
