Overview:
Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. is a weedy plant species belonging to the family Malvaceae. It is commonly known as roundleaf mallow or cheeseweed. This plant is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but it has also been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.
General appearance:
The plant typically grows up to a height of 1 meter in ideal conditions. It has a sprawling growth habit, with a mat of stems that can be covered in tiny hairs. The leaves are round and measure up to 5 centimeters in diameter. They have toothed edges and a soft texture. The flowers are small, measuring approximately 1-2 centimeters in diameter, and are usually pink or white. The fruit consists of cylindrical segments enclosing small round seeds.
Uses:
Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. has both medicinal and culinary uses. The leaves and seeds of this plant contain mucilage, which can be extracted and used to soothe irritated skin, relieve coughs and sore throats, and treat gastrointestinal problems. The plant's leaves and young shoots are also edible and are used as a leafy vegetable in some countries. Additionally, roundleaf mallow is used as forage for domestic and wild animals. However, it is largely considered a weed due to its invasion of agricultural fields and pastures.
In conclusion, Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. is a plant species that is widely distributed throughout the world. Its sprawling stems, round leaves, and small, pink or white flowers make it easily recognizable. It is not only a useful plant for medicine and food, but also considered as an invasive weed in many areas.Light Requirements
Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. requires partial to full sunlight for optimal growth. It thrives well in bright areas with at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight daily. Lack of adequate sunlight may result in stunted growth and poor development of leaves and flowers.
Temperature Requirements
The plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but thrives in moderately warm temperatures. The ideal temperature range for the growth of Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. is between 15°C to 25°C. It can withstand temperatures as low as -15°C and as high as 35°C. However, frost and extreme heat may cause damage to the leaves, flowers and stem.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained and nutrient-rich soil for optimal growth. It can grow in a wide range of soil types including sandy loam, clay loam, and rocky soils. However, the soil should be slightly acidic to slightly alkaline with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. Malva rotundifolia auct. non L. requires adequate moisture in the soil, but the soil should not be waterlogged. Therefore, the soil should be well-drained to prevent the accumulation of water around the roots.
Cultivation of Malva Rotundifolia
Malva rotundifolia is an annual or biennial plant that is easy to grow. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types, from sandy to heavy clay. Ensure the soil pH is between 6.0-7.0, and the plant needs at least six hours of sun exposure daily. The ideal time for planting is in spring or fall, as the plant does not thrive well in extreme heat conditions.
Watering Needs of Malva Rotundifolia
Malva rotundifolia requires moderate watering, which should be consistent throughout the growing season. Ensure the soil is moist, but not waterlogged. Regularly check the soil moisture levels and adjust your watering schedule accordingly. Avoid overhead irrigation, as the plants can become prone to powdery mildew.
Fertilization of Malva Rotundifolia
Malva rotundifolia has moderate feeding needs. Fertilize the plant once or twice during the growing season, using a balanced fertilizer. Avoid excessive fertilization, as it can lead to weak growth and reduced flowering. Instead, apply a layer of organic mulch around the plant to improve soil fertility and moisture retention.
Pruning of Malva Rotundifolia
Malva rotundifolia requires minimal pruning. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage blooming and prevent the plant from self-seeding. You may also prune the plant to keep its size under control, especially if it begins to encroach on other plants in your garden. Prune the plant in early spring before new growth resumes or in fall after flowering is complete.
Propagation of Malva rotundifolia
Malva rotundifolia can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods.
Sexual propagation:
Seeds are the primary means of sexual propagation for Malva rotundifolia. The plant produces many tiny seeds that can be collected at the end of the growing season. These seeds are best sown in the early spring, about 1/16th of an inch deep in a seed-starting mix. Germination typically takes between 10 to 30 days. Seeds can be sown directly into the ground, but may be better off started indoors, as they require consistent moisture and warmth to germinate.
Asexual propagation:
Malva rotundifolia can also be propagated asexually through stem cuttings. This method is particularly useful if you want to ensure that the characteristics of a parent plant are passed down to its offspring. Take a stem cutting in the early summer and remove the lower leaves, so that only a few sets remain on top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and place it into a small pot filled with a rooting mix of sand and peat. Place the pot in a bright but shaded location. Water regularly and keep the soil moist. Roots should begin to form in 4-6 weeks. Once rooted, transplant into a larger pot or directly into a garden bed.
Disease Management
Malva rotundifolia is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases. The most common diseases that affect this plant include:
- Powdery mildew: This disease appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage it, you can apply a fungicide to the infected plant parts.
- Rust: Rust usually appears as small yellow or orange pustules on the undersides of the leaves. To combat this disease, you can remove and destroy the infected parts and apply a fungicide.
- Leaf spot: Leaf spots appear as yellow or brown spots on the leaves. To manage this disease, remove and destroy the infected parts of the plant and apply a fungicide.
Pest Management
Various pests can also damage Malva rotundifolia. The most common pests that attack this plant include:
- Aphids: Aphids suck sap from the leaves and stems, causing the plant to wilt. To manage this pest, you can remove them manually, spray the plant with soapy water, or use a pesticide.
- Spider mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that suck sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow. You can manage them by spraying the plant with water or using a pesticide.
- Snails and slugs: These pests can cause significant damage to the plant by eating its leaves and stems. To manage them, you can use traps or apply a slug and snail bait.
It is always recommended to inspect the plant regularly to ensure that it is not affected by diseases or pests. Taking proactive measures against these problems can save the plant from severe damages and keep it healthy and vibrant.
