Overview
Malpighia angustifolia L. is a species of flowering plant in the Malpighiaceae family. It is commonly known as Barbados cherry, acerola, or West Indian cherry. The plant is native to South America, the Caribbean, and parts of Mexico.
Appearance
Malpighia angustifolia L. is a small tree or shrub that grows up to 3-6 meters tall. Its leaves are oblong or elliptic, and are a dark green color. The plant produces white or pink flowers that are approximately 1 inch in diameter, which then turn into red, cherry-like fruits. These fruits are typically 1-2 cm in diameter and have a very juicy, sour taste.
Uses
The fruit of Malpighia angustifolia L. is a rich source of vitamin C and is commonly used in many food and drink products. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including colds, flu, and digestive issues. Additionally, the plant’s bark and leaves have been used to make herbal teas and extracts for medicinal purposes.
The bark and roots of the plant have also been used for their astringent properties and to treat skin conditions such as acne and eczema. In some parts of the world, the plant is also used for its ornamental value, as it produces beautiful flowers and colorful fruit.
Light Requirements
Malpighia angustifolia L. requires full sunlight to grow and produce fruit. The plant needs a minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight to grow optimally. Therefore, it is crucial to plant the tree in an open area where it can access plenty of sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in warm temperatures and is highly sensitive to frost. It requires a tropical to a sub-tropical climate with an annual temperature range between 20°C and 30°C. Low temperatures can stunt growth and decrease fruit production, and a sudden drop in temperature can cause significant damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Malpighia angustifolia L. prefers well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant can grow in sandy or loamy soils, but the soil must be rich in organic matter and nutrients for optimal growth and fruit production. The soil must also be able to retain moisture without becoming waterlogged, which can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Malpighia angustifolia, commonly known as the West Indian Cherry or Acerola, is a small evergreen shrub or tree that can reach up to 20 feet in height. It can be grown in USDA hardiness zones 9 to 11 and prefers well-drained, sandy loam soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. The plant can be grown from seeds or cuttings, but cuttings are recommended for faster growth and fruit production.
Watering Needs
The West Indian Cherry requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The soil should be kept evenly moist but should never become waterlogged. A good rule of thumb is to water deeply once a week, but this may vary depending on the climate and soil conditions. Mulching around the tree can help conserve moisture and control weed growth.
Fertilization
The West Indian Cherry is a moderate feeder and requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and fruit production. A balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 8-3-9 is ideal. It is recommended to apply fertilizer every two to three months, starting in the early spring and continuing until the fall. Over-fertilization should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth and reduced fruit production.
Pruning
Pruning is important to maintain the shape and size of the West Indian Cherry tree and promote fruit production. It is recommended to prune during the dormant season, which is usually in late winter or early spring. Dead, diseased, or damaged wood should be removed, as well as any suckers or water sprouts. Fruit-bearing branches should be encouraged by removing any crossing or crowded branches and opening up the center of the tree to improve air circulation and light penetration.
Propagation of Malpighia angustifolia L.
Malpighia angustifolia L., also known as the West Indian cherry or acerola, is a small tropical fruit tree in the family Malpighiaceae. It is commonly grown for its fruit, which is high in vitamin C and used for food and medicinal purposes. Propagation of M. angustifolia L. can be achieved through several methods including seed, cuttings, and air layering.
Propagation by Seed
Propagation by seed is the simplest and most common method for M. angustifolia L. Seeds can be collected from ripe fruit and should be sown immediately after harvesting. Before planting, seeds should be washed to remove the pulp and dried in the shade. They can be sown in trays or nursery beds filled with well-drained soil and covered with a thin layer of sand. Germination typically occurs within 2 to 4 weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted into individual containers after 3 to 4 months.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is a popular method for M. angustifolia L. that allows for the production of genetically identical plants. Softwood cuttings should be taken from young, healthy trees in late spring to early summer. A 10 to 12 cm long cutting should be taken from the tip of a current season's growth, and all leaves should be removed except for the top 2 or 3. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in trays or pots filled with a well-draining soil mix. They should be kept in a shaded area, and misted regularly until roots develop, which takes approximately 4 to 6 weeks. Once rooted, the cuttings can be transplanted into individual containers.
Propagation by Air Layering
Propagation by air layering is a method used to propagate M. angustifolia L. from mature trees. This method involves wounding a branch by removing a ring of bark, and then covering the wound with moist sphagnum moss and plastic wrap. Roots will form in the moist environment created by the moss, and when they are sufficiently developed, the branch can be cut below the rooted area and potted in a well-draining soil mix. Air layering is typically done in the spring or early summer when the tree is actively growing.
Disease Management
Malpighia angustifolia L. is susceptible to several fungal diseases, including anthracnose, powdery mildew, and rust. Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, appears as small, sunken lesions on leaves, branches, and fruits. Powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Erysiphe polygoni, appears as a white powdery growth on leaves and stems. Rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia malpighiae, appears as brownish-orange spots on leaves.
To manage fungal diseases, it is important to provide proper cultural practices, including removing infected plant parts, maintaining good drainage, reducing humidity, and avoiding overhead irrigation. Fungicides may also be used, but it is important to use them properly and in accordance with label instructions. Additionally, planting disease-resistant varieties can help reduce disease incidence.
Pest Management
Malpighia angustifolia L. is susceptible to several pests, including aphids, fruit flies, and spider mites. Aphids suck sap from leaves and stems, causing stunted growth and curled leaves. Fruit flies feed on fruits, causing them to decay. Spider mites suck plant juices, causing leaves to become bronzed and speckled.
To manage pests, it is important to regularly inspect plants for signs of infestation and remove and dispose of any affected plant parts. Beneficial insects, such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps, can also be introduced to help control pest populations. Insecticidal soaps, oils, and neem extracts may also be used, but it is important to use them properly and in accordance with label instructions.
