Origin
Malache scabra (K. Presl) Kuntze, non B. Vogel, commonly known as the rough mallow, is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Malvaceae. This plant is native to South America and Africa but can also be found in parts of Asia and Australia. The plant thrives in warm and moist environments and can grow in various soil types.
Common Names
Malache scabra is known by many different names depending on the location. In South America, it is called "hierba del manso," which means "gentle herb" in Spanish. It is known as "gaozaban-e-shireen" in Iran and "bua sawan" in Thailand. The rough mallow has various other common names, including scratchy-leaved hollyhock, bladder ketmia, velvetleaf mallow, and Chinese jute.
Uses
Malache scabra has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat various health conditions. In South America, it is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and is used to relieve sore throats, coughs, and fever. In Asia, it is commonly used to treat skin irritations and wounds. The leaves and roots of the plant are also used to make tea, which is said to have a calming effect on the body. Additionally, the plant has potential industrial uses, with the fibers from the stem being used for paper making and textiles.
General Appearance
The rough mallow plant reaches a height of up to 6 feet and has a spread of around 2-3 feet. The plant has a deep taproot and a hairy stem that bears large, heart-shaped leaves with jagged edges. The flowers of the plant are cup-shaped and are typically pink or white in color. The seeds of the plant are found in round, flat capsules that are covered in fine hairs.
Light Requirements
The Malache scabra plant requires moderate to high levels of light for optimal growth and development. It is best to place the plant in a location with bright, indirect sunlight. Direct sunlight can be too harsh and lead to leaf burn. If growing the plant indoors, placing it near a south-facing window or under artificial light can provide the required light intensity. If the light levels are too low, the plant can become leggy and weak.
Temperature Requirements
The Malache scabra plant is native to tropical regions and prefers warm temperatures. It can tolerate temperatures between 60°F and 85°F. However, it is important to avoid placing the plant in drafts or areas with sudden temperature fluctuations. A consistent temperature is necessary for maintaining healthy growth. During the winter months, it may be necessary to raise the ambient temperature around the plant using a space heater or similar device.
Soil Requirements
For optimal growth, the Malache scabra plant requires well-draining soil with good aeration. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. A soil mix that consists of peat moss, perlite, and sand is an excellent choice for this plant. The soil must be kept moist, but not overly wet. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other problems. It is best to water the plant deeply and then allow the soil to dry out partially before watering again.
Cultivation methods
Malache scabra is a subtropical plant that thrives in warm and humid environments. It requires ample light, warmth, and moisture to grow. The plant prefers well-draining soil and is sensitive to frost.
Propagation is done through seedlings or cuttings. Seedlings must be planted in a potting mix that is high in organic content and moistened to start germination. Cuttings are usually collected from softwood and should be inserted into a propagating mix and kept under cover until new growth appears.
Watering needs
Malache scabra requires frequent watering to maintain its compact growth and rich foliar appearance. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while underwatering can lead to stunted growth and weakened resistance to pests.
If the topsoil feels dry to the touch, it's time to water. Water the plant slowly until the pot's base is fully soaked, then drain any excess water to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization
Malache scabra requires regular fertilization to maintain its rich foliage and promote healthy growth. Fertilize the plant during the growing season with an organic slow-release fertilizer. High nitrogen content is essential to ensure robust growth and leaf production.
Fertilizers should only be applied when the soil is moist to prevent root damage and overfertilization. Too much fertilizer can result in excessive leaf growth, reducing the plant's overall health.
Pruning
Malache scabra requires minimal pruning to maintain its beautiful appearance. It is recommended to remove yellow or damaged leaves and stems regularly.
If the plant becomes too leggy or elongated, you can pinch off the top of each stem to promote side branching for a fuller appearance. Pruning should be done in the spring or autumn before the growing season begins or ends.
Propagation Methods for Malache scabra (K. Presl) Kuntze
Malache scabra, commonly known as rough mallow or scabrous malva, is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family. This plant can be propagated through various methods, including seeds, cuttings, and root division.
Propagation from Seeds
Propagation from seeds is one of the easiest methods to multiply Malache scabra plants. The seeds of this plant are small, brown, and slightly curved. They can be harvested from mature plants in autumn and sown immediately.
The seeds should be planted in trays filled with a well-draining potting mix. They should be barely covered with soil and kept in a warm and bright place. It usually takes 7-10 days for the seeds to germinate. Once the seedlings have developed two to three sets of leaves, they can be transplanted to individual pots or directly into the garden.
Propagation from Cuttings
Propagation from cuttings is another easy method for propagating Malache scabra. Cuttings should be taken from mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be 3-4 inches long and have at least two to three nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone.
The cuttings should be planted in pots filled with a well-draining potting mix and kept in a warm and bright place. The cuttings should be watered regularly, and the soil should be kept moist. It usually takes 3-4 weeks for the cuttings to develop roots. Once the cuttings have developed roots, they can be transplanted to individual pots or directly into the garden.
Propagation from Root Division
Propagation from root division is a method used for mature Malache scabra plants. In early spring, the plant should be carefully removed from the ground, and the roots should be gently separated into smaller sections.
The divided sections should be planted in individual pots filled with a well-draining potting mix and kept in a warm and bright place. The plants should be watered regularly, and the soil should be kept moist. Once the plants have established new roots, they can be transplanted back into the garden.
Disease Management
Malache scabra, like most plants, is prone to several diseases such as:
1. Leaf spot disease: This disease is identified by the presence of black or brown spots on the leaves. It is caused by bacteria and fungi. To manage this disease, it is important to remove the affected leaves and avoid watering the leaves especially at night. Chemical control using appropriate fungicides can also be carried out.
2. Powdery mildew: This disease is common in humid environments, and is characterized by the powdery white substance that covers the leaves. To control the spread of powdery mildew, it is advisable to provide good ventilation, and to ensure that the plants have enough space between them to reduce humidity. Fungicides can also be applied.
3. Root rot: This is a common disease for plants grown in poorly drained soils. The roots begin to decay, causing the plant to wilt. To avoid root rot, ensure that the plant is not overwatered and the soil is well-drained without waterlogging.
Pest Management
Malache scabra is also susceptible to pest infestations and below are some common pests that might affect the plant:
1. Spider mites: These pests cause yellow dots on the leaves and a fine webbing on the leaves. To manage this pest, it is important to increase humidity or carry out regular misting, use appropriate miticides to treat the affected plants, and avoid overcrowding the plants.
2. Aphids: These are small green or black insects that usually attack the tender shoots and leaves of the plant. To control aphids, it is important to remove heavily infected leaves, use insecticides or soapy water to treat the plants, and encourage natural predators such as ladybugs.
3. Mealybugs: These pests cause a white cottony substance on the leaves and stems of plants. To manage mealybugs, use insecticides or soapy water to treat the plants, and encourage predators such as ladybugs and lacewings.
Overall, to prevent the diseases and pests from attacking your Malache scabra, ensure that the plant is well-cared for by providing adequate water and fertilizers, maintaining proper hygiene, and avoiding overcrowding the plants.
