Overview
Macaranga chevalieri Beille, also known as the Chevalier's Macaranga, is a tree species that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is primarily found in Africa and is commonly used for medicinal purposes.Origin
Macaranga chevalieri is native to Central Africa, specifically in Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It grows in the humid forests of the region, often alongside other plant species, such as Griselinia, Maranthes, and Uapaca.Common Names
Macaranga chevalieri is known by several other names, including Chevalier's Macaranga, Otu Etunu, and Mabole.Uses
Macaranga chevalieri has been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The bark of the tree is often ground into a powder and mixed with water to treat ailments such as diarrhea, stomachaches, and fever. The bark has also been used as a purgative and to induce vomiting. Macaranga chevalieri leaves have also traditionally been used to treat wounds and skin infections. In addition to its medicinal properties, Macaranga chevalieri is also utilized in African culture for other purposes. The leaves of the tree are commonly used to make a traditional musical instrument known as the "likembe." The wood of the tree is also used to make furniture, although it is not commonly used for this purpose due to its softness.Appearance
Macaranga chevalieri is a relatively small tree, typically reaching heights of 5-10 meters. The tree has a cylindrical trunk that is often gnarled and twisted. The bark of the tree is smooth and grayish-brown in color. The leaves of Macaranga chevalieri are large and typically measure 15-30 cm in length. The leaves are green and have a glossy appearance. The tree produces small, greenish flowers that are followed by spherical fruits that are approximately 1 cm in diameter.Light Requirements:
Macaranga chevalieri Beille requires bright but indirect light to thrive. It is not recommended to expose this plant to direct sunlight as it can damage its leaves and stunt its growth. The plant should be placed near a window where it can receive bright but filtered light. If grown indoors, the plant can be supplemented with fluorescent lights to ensure it receives enough light.
Temperature Requirements:
The optimal temperature range for Macaranga chevalieri Beille is between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). This plant prefers warm and humid conditions, and it is recommended to keep it in a high humidity environment. Avoid exposing the plant to low temperatures or drafts as they can damage the leaves and inhibit growth.
Soil Requirements:
Macaranga chevalieri Beille grows well in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. A mixture of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite is recommended to provide adequate drainage and aeration. The soil should also be slightly acidic with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. It is important to avoid overwatering the plant as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Macaranga chevalieri Beille is an evergreen tree that grows well in subtropical and tropical climates. It thrives in areas with high humidity and rainfall, with well-draining soils. When planting, dig a hole twice the size of the root ball and mix in compost or organic matter to improve soil structure. The tree should be planted at the same level as it was in its container, and the soil should be firm after planting.
Watering Needs
Macaranga chevalieri Beille requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The tree should be watered deeply until the soil is soaked, and then allowed to dry out a bit before watering again. This schedule should be adjusted depending on the climate and rainfall. During the winter months, the tree can be watered less frequently, but the soil should never be allowed to dry out completely.
Fertilization
Fertilizer should be applied to Macaranga chevalieri Beille during the growing season to encourage healthy growth and blooming. A balanced fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content can be applied every four to six weeks, following the manufacturer's instructions. Organic fertilizers can also be applied to improve soil fertility and health.
Pruning
Pruning Macaranga chevalieri Beille should be done in the late winter or early spring before new growth appears. This tree should be pruned to maintain its shape and remove any dead or damaged branches. It is important to avoid pruning more than 20% of the tree's foliage in one season to avoid stress and damage to the tree.
Propagation of Macaranga chevalieri Beille
Macaranga chevalieri Beille is native to Madagascar and is commonly known as red cotton tree. It can be propagated either through seeds or stem cuttings.
Propagation through seeds
The best time to collect the seeds is during the dry season when the fruits have matured. The seeds are air-dried, cleaned, and sown in a well-prepared seedbed. The seeds should be thinly sown and just covered with soil. Watering should be gentle to avoid washing away the seeds. Seed germination usually takes between two to three weeks. Once seedlings have three to four leaves, they can be transplanted to individual pots.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Stem cuttings should be taken during the early morning hours when the plant is hydrated. The cuttings should be 6-8 inches long, with at least two leaf nodes. The bottom leaves should be removed, and the remaining leaves should be trimmed to reduce transpiration. The cuttings should then be dipped in rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining medium such as perlite or vermiculite with a covered plastic bag for humidity. After four to six weeks, the cuttings should have roots and can be transplanted to a potting mix.
Disease and Pest Management for Macaranga Chevalieri Beille
Macaranga chevalieri Beille, commonly known as the "Liontree," is a popular houseplant known for its attractive foliage. Although this plant is generally hardy, it can be prone to certain diseases and pest infestations. It is essential to take preventive measures to keep the plant healthy, such as ensuring proper watering and providing adequate light and humidity levels.
Common Diseases
1. Leaf spot disease: This fungal infection appears as yellow or brown spots on the leaves, which can eventually lead to the death of the plant. To manage this disease, remove affected leaves and ensure the plant has adequate air circulation.
2. Powdery mildew: This fungal disease shows up as a white powdery coating on the leaves. It can be managed by removing infected leaves and increasing air circulation around the plant. It is also helpful to avoid overwatering and provide proper ventilation.
3. Root rot: This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage. The symptoms include yellowing leaves and stunted growth. It is essential to remove the affected plant from the soil, cut off damaged roots, and repot the plant into fresh soil.
Common Pests
1. Spider mites: These tiny pests can cause damage to the plant by sucking on the sap of the leaves, which causes yellowing and stunted growth. They thrive in dry conditions. To manage, use a natural pesticide, such as neem oil.
2. Mealybugs: These small insects appear as white, cotton-like clusters on the leaves and can cause wilting or yellowing of the plant. They can be managed by using an insecticidal soap or removing them by hand.
3. Scale insects: These pests produce a waxy substance, which covers their bodies and can appear as small bumps on the plant. They can be managed by using a horticultural oil spray and removing them by hand if possible.
Overall, it is crucial to maintain good plant hygiene, provide adequate ventilation and light, and monitor the plant regularly to catch any issues promptly. Proper care and maintenance can help prevent disease and pest infestations and keep your Macaranga chevalieri Beille healthy and thriving.
