Overview
Macaranga calophylla Pax is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family and is commonly known by various names such as the Velvet leaf, Teak leaved Macaranga and Mahogany leaf Macaranga. This plant is native to Asia, particularly in countries like India, Indonesia and the Philippines. It is a small, fast-growing tree that can reach up to 30 meters in height and prefers wet, humid habitats such as forests, riverbanks and other damp areas.
General Appearance
Macaranga calophylla Pax is a woody, evergreen tree that has a straight and narrow trunk. Its leaves are large, dark green and glossy, with a leathery texture while the underside is slightly hairy. The leaves are alternate, elliptical to oblong in shape, and are deeply lobed. The tree bears small, greenish-yellow flowers that are grouped into clusters and produce round, red fruit that measures about 1 cm in diameter. The entire tree has a velvety texture that is soft to the touch, hence its common name, Velvet leaf.
Uses
Macaranga calophylla Pax has medicinal properties that are attributed to the presence of tannins and flavonoids in its leaves. In traditional medicine, the leaves are used to treat various ailments such as rheumatism, diarrhea, and skin irritations. The tree is also used in reforestation programs and agroforestry system as it has a fast growth rate and improves soil fertility. The wood of Macaranga calophylla Pax is lightweight and is used in furniture making, interior finishing, and other construction materials.
In conclusion, Macaranga calophylla Pax is a versatile tree that has many uses. Its medicinal properties and fast growth rate make it a valuable resource in traditional medicine and reforestation programs. The tree's soft and velvety appearance also makes it an attractive option for interior design and furniture manufacturing.
Light Requirements
Macaranga calophylla Pax is a tropical plant species that requires bright light to grow. It thrives in areas with full sun exposure and may experience slower growth rates when grown in shade. It is best to provide at least 6-8 hours of sunlight to the plant every day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows best in a warm and humid environment, with temperatures ranging from 18-30°C (64-86°F). Sudden changes in temperature can cause stress to the plant and affect its growth. It is also important to protect the plant from extreme temperatures, as it can be sensitive to frost and cold drafts.
Soil Requirements
Macaranga calophylla Pax prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic, with pH levels ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. The plant grows best in soils that are moist but not waterlogged. It can also grow in sandy soils, but it may require more frequent watering. Additionally, fertilization can help improve the growth of the plant, especially during the growing season.
Cultivation Methods
Macaranga calophylla Pax is a relatively hardy plant that is easy to grow, making it an excellent choice for gardeners who are just starting. In order to cultivate, it's best to grow it outdoors where it can receive plenty of sunlight. The plant can be grown in a wide range of soils provided they are well-drained. The ideal pH should be in the range of 5 to 7.
You can propagate Macaranga calophylla Pax by taking cuttings. Use a sharp, clean blade to take cuttings from the basal region of the plant. The best time to take cuttings is during the growing season when the plant is actively growing. Once you have the cuttings, you can dip them into rooting hormone and place them into a pot with good quality soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged and in a sheltered location until new growth appears.
Watering Needs
Macaranga calophylla Pax likes to be kept moderately moist but not waterlogged. You should aim to water it once every week during the growing season and less frequently during the dormant period. An efficient way to determine if the plant needs watering is to feel the soil with your finger. If the top inch of soil is dry to the touch, then it's time to give it some water. Make sure you don't overwater the plant as this could lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Macaranga calophylla Pax benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer twice a year, once in early spring and once in early fall. You can also add organic matter to the soil to improve soil fertility.
Pruning
Macaranga calophylla Pax requires very little pruning but can be pruned in the late winter or early spring to remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches. Pruning can also be used to maintain the desired shape of the plant. If you want to encourage bushier growth, you can pinch back new growth in the spring. Make sure you use clean, sterilized tools when pruning to avoid spreading diseases.
Propagation of Macaranga calophylla Pax
Macaranga calophylla or locally known as Terap Sirip is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. This plant is native to Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Indonesia, and is commonly found in lowland rainforests. Propagation of Macaranga calophylla can be done through two methods, namely through seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation Through Seeds
In propagating Macaranga calophylla through seeds, it is important to use ripe and healthy seeds. Seeds can be collected from the parent plant when the fruits turn brown and start to split, revealing the black seeds inside. Once collected, the seeds need to be air-dried in a shady and cool location. After drying, the seeds can now be planted into prepared soil. The soil should be light and well-drained and should be kept moist but not waterlogged. Germination of seeds may take 2-3 weeks.
Propagation Through Stem Cuttings
Propagation of Macaranga calophylla through stem cuttings is also possible. This method is best done during the rainy season when the plant is actively growing. Stem cuttings should be taken from healthy plants, preferably those that have not started to flower. The cutting should be 10-15 cm long and should be taken from the tip of a stem. The leaves on the lower part of the cutting should be removed, leaving only a few leaves on the upper part. The cutting should then be planted into a well-draining medium, such as sand or a mixture of sand and potting soil. The cutting should be kept moist and in a shaded location. Rooting of the cutting may take a few weeks.
Both methods of propagation have their advantages and disadvantages. Propagation through seeds is easier to do but may result in genetic variation due to cross-pollination. On the other hand, propagation through stem cuttings ensures the genetic uniformity of the propagated plants but may require more effort and attention.
Disease and Pest Management for Macaranga Calophylla Pax
Macaranga calophylla Pax is an evergreen shrub that goes by the common name, the Forest Giant. This plant is a native of Southeast Asia. It is a hardy plant that is tolerant of various environmental conditions. However, like any other plant, it is still susceptible to diseases and pests. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect Macaranga calophylla Pax and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Phytophthora Root Rot: This is a soil-borne disease that affects the roots of the plant. Symptoms of this disease include yellowing of leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. Specifically, the stem at the base of the plant may become soft and discolored. To manage this disease, make sure that you do not overwater the plant. Additionally, you can use a fungicide to control the spread of the disease.
Rust: Rust is a fungal disease that affects the leaves of the plant. Symptoms of rust disease include reddish-brown spots on the leaves. To manage rust, prune off the infected leaves and apply a fungicide to the remaining healthy parts of the plant.
Pests
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are sap-sucking insects that can cause discoloration and wilting of the plant. They are often found in clusters on the undersides of leaves. To manage mealybugs, prune off the infected parts of the plant and apply insecticidal soap. You can also introduce natural predators of mealybugs such as ladybugs or lacewings.
Aphids: Aphids are small insects that feed on the sap of the plant. They are often found on the new growth of the plant. To manage aphids, prune off the infected parts of the plant and apply insecticidal soap. You can also spray neem oil or introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings.
By being proactive and monitoring your Macaranga calophylla Pax, you can manage diseases and pests that might affect them. When in doubt, consult a professional gardener or horticulturist.