Origin
Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus (Fresen.) Benner, commonly known as Arkansas Bugleweed, is a perennial plant species in the Lamiaceae or mint family. It is native to the eastern and central United States and Canada, specifically from Newfoundland to Saskatchewan, south to Florida, and west to Texas.
Common Names
Aside from Arkansas Bugleweed, this plant species also goes by other common names such as Pink Water Horehound, Water Hoarhound, Red Gypsywort, and Rufous Horehound.
Uses
In traditional medicine, Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus is used to treat various ailments such as menstrual disorders, excessive sweating, anxiety, and hyperthyroidism. Some Native American tribes also used it as a natural diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.
As for its ecological importance, this plant species is known to attract pollinators and serve as a source of food and shelter for wildlife such as birds, bees, and butterflies. It also helps in preventing soil erosion in wetland areas.
General Appearance
Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus grows up to 1.5 meters tall and spreads up to 1 meter wide. It is characterized by its square stem, opposite leaves, and small pink flowers that grow in clusters. The leaves are lanceolate or oblong in shape and have serrated edges. The blooms of the plant appear from June to September and are followed by small nutlet-like fruits. It is usually found in wetland habitats such as bogs, marshes, and swamps.
Growth Conditions of Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus
Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus (Fresen.) Benner, commonly known as the Arkansas water horehound, belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is native to the southeastern United States. This plant is a perennial herbaceous species that typically grows in swamps, marshes, and wetlands.
Light Requirements
The Arkansas water horehound thrives in full or partial sun exposure, and it requires a minimum of 4 hours of direct sunlight each day. Insufficient light may lead to reduced growth and stunted development, as well as increased susceptibility to diseases.
Temperature Requirements
This plant can tolerate a wide range of temperatures but prefers a moist and mild climate. The optimal temperature range for Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus growth is between 21-26°C (70-80°F). However, when temperatures exceed 32°C (89°F), the plant may experience stress and exhibit slower growth rates or reduced reproduction.
Soil Requirements
The Arkansas water horehound is not particular about the soil type but requires a consistently moist environment for optimal growth. The soil should be well-draining and rich in nutrients. This plant is commonly found in soil with a pH between 6.5-7.5. It is important to note that waterlogged soils may negatively affect plant growth and development.
Cultivation
Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus (Fresen.) Benner, commonly known as Arkansas bugleweed, is a herbaceous plant that can grow up to 18 inches tall. It prefers well-drained, moist soils, and partial to full shade. Sow seeds in fall or spring.
The plant spreads through rhizomes, and therefore, it's advisable to plant it in a container to prevent it from spreading uncontrollably. If planting in the ground, it's recommended to use edging that goes deep underground to limit spread.
Watering Needs
Arkansas bugleweed requires regular watering to maintain its moisture-loving nature. Water the plant when the soil feels dry to touch, and try to avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
In hot, dry weather, increase the frequency of watering to twice a week, and ensure the soil stays moist.
Fertilization
While Arkansas bugleweed is tolerant to various soil conditions, it benefits from organic fertilizers. Feed the plant with compost or any organic fertilizer after the first growing season.
Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive growth and reduce the plant's blooming. Therefore, it's advisable to use slow-release fertilizers or cut down the fertilizing frequency.
Pruning
Arkansas bugleweed requires minimal pruning. Deadhead the flowers after blooming to keep the plant attractive and promote new growth.
Shear the stems down to about two to three inches from the base in late fall or early spring to invigorate new growth and prevent leggy growth. From then on, trim the new shoots when they reach about six inches tall to promote bushiness.
Propagation of Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus
Lycopus rubellus Moench var. arkansanus, commonly known as Arkansas water horehound, is a perennial plant of the mint family. It is native to North America and famous for its medicinal properties. Propagation of this plant can be done by the following methods:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Lycopus rubellus is by using seeds. The plant produces numerous small seeds that can be collected after the flowering season. Sow the seeds in a pot containing a well-draining soil mixture, and keep them moist. The seeds will germinate within 2-4 weeks, and the young plant will be ready to transplant in about 6-8 weeks.
Root Division
Another method of propagating Lycopus rubellus is through root division. To do this method, dig up an established plant and divide the roots into small pieces. Replant these small pieces in a well-prepared bed, and water them frequently. The rooted cuttings will start developing new shoots after a few weeks and will be ready to transplant in a couple of months.
Stem Cuttings
Lycopus rubellus can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take healthy stem cuttings, each about 4-6 inches long, and remove the lower leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone, and plant them in a well-draining soil mixture. Keep the cuttings moist, and place them in a shaded area. The cuttings will take several weeks to form roots and will be ready to transplant in about two months.
Overall, Lycopus rubellus is an easy-to-propagate plant that can grow in a variety of growing conditions. Propagating this plant can help to create a beautiful, medicinal, and functional garden.
Disease Management
Lycopus rubellus var. arkansanus is susceptible to various diseases that can affect its growth and yield. The following are common diseases that may affect this plant:
- Verticillium Wilt: This fungal disease causes yellowing and wilting of plant foliage. To manage the disease, remove infected plant parts and avoid planting in areas where the disease has previously occurred.
- Root Rot: Excessive soil moisture can lead to root rot disease that can cause wilting and stunted plant growth. To manage root rot, ensure proper soil drainage and avoid overwatering the plant. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed.
- Powdery Mildew: This disease appears as a white, powdery coating on plant foliage. To manage the disease, ensure proper soil drainage and avoid overcrowding the plant. Fungicides may also be used.
Pest Management
Various pests may also infest Lycopus rubellus var. arkansanus. Some common pests and their management approaches include:
- Spider Mites: These pests are tiny and often found on the underside of plant leaves. They can cause leaf discoloration and webbing. To manage spider mites, use a strong stream of water to rinse them off the plant or use insecticidal soap.
- Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied pests that can cause damage by sucking plant sap. They can be managed using insecticidal soap or by attracting natural predators, such as ladybugs or lacewings, to the garden.
- Cutworms: These pests cut through plant stems at soil level and can cause plant death. To manage cutworms, remove plant debris from the garden and apply insecticidal granules around the plant base.
